Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of organic UV filters in coastal waters of the Iberian Peninsula

Sandra Mozas-Blanco; José Luis Rodríguez-Gil; Judit Kalman; Gerard Quintana; M Silvia Díaz-Cruz; Andreu Rico; Isabel López-Heras; Salomé Martínez-Morcillo; Miguel Motas; Unax Lertxundi; Gorka Orive; Osvaldo Santos; Yolanda Valcárcel

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115644

Occurrence and ecological risk assessment of organic UV filters in coastal waters of the Iberian Peninsula

Mar Pollut Bull. 2023 Nov:196:115644. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115644. Epub 2023 Nov 1.

Affiliations

¹ Research Group on Human and Environmental Risk (RISAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medical Specialties and Public Health, 28922 Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain.
² Research Group on Human and Environmental Risk (RISAMA), Rey Juan Carlos University, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; IISD - Experimental Lakes Area, Winnipeg, MB R3B 0T4, Canada; Department of Environment and Geography, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2M6, Canada. Electronic address: jlrodriguez@iisd-ela.org.
³ Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Severo Ochoa Excellence Center, Spanish National Research Council (IDAEA-CSIC). Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
⁴ IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain; Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
⁵ IMDEA Water Institute, Science and Technology Campus of the University of Alcalá, Avenida Punto Com 2, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
⁶ Toxicology Unit, Veterinary School, University of Extremadura, Avda. de la Universidad s/n, 10003 Caceres, Spain.
⁷ Department of Toxicology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Faculty of Veterinary, Campus of Espinardo, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain. Electronic address: motas@um.es.
⁸ Bioaraba Health Research Institute, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Araba Mental Health Network, Araba Psychiatric Hospital, Pharmacy Service, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Alava, Spain.
⁹ NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz 01006, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academy, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore, Singapore.
¹⁰ Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Portugal.

PMID: 37922592
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115644

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the presence of 21 UVFs and metabolites in coastal regions of the Iberian Peninsula, to evaluate their environmental risk, and identify possible influential factors affecting their measured concentrations. Sampling was carried out in spring and summer to assess possible seasonal variations. UVFs were detected in 43 of the 46 sampling sites. Only 5 were found above LOD: BP4, OC, BP3 and metabolites BP1 and BP8. Samples collected in Mar Menor had the greatest variety of compounds per sample and the highest cumulative concentrations. The risk was characterized using Risk Quotients (RQ). BP1 showed a Low environmental Risk in 2 sites while for OC the RQ indicated a Moderate Risk in 22 points. The variables that contribute most to the variation are population density, sampling season, whether it was an open bay or not, and level of urbanization. The presence of WWTPs had a lower influence.

Keywords: Anthropogenic pollution; Ecological risk assessment; Marine environment; Sunscreens.

MeSH terms

Environmental Monitoring
Risk Assessment
Water Pollutants, Chemical* / analysis

Substances

Water Pollutants, Chemical