Opioid use disorder in two samples of the Lebanese population: scale validation and correlation with sleep and mood disorders

Karam Chamoun; Joseph Mouawad; Pascale Salameh; Hala Sacre; Ramzi Haddad; Lydia Rabbaa Khabbaz; Bruno Megarbane; Aline Hajj

doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05304-8

Opioid use disorder in two samples of the Lebanese population: scale validation and correlation with sleep and mood disorders

BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Nov 1;23(1):797. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-05304-8.

Authors

Karam Chamoun^{1

2

3}, Joseph Mouawad^{1

2}, Pascale Salameh^{4

5

6

7}, Hala Sacre⁴, Ramzi Haddad^{8

9}, Lydia Rabbaa Khabbaz^{1

2}, Bruno Megarbane^{3

10}, Aline Hajj^{11

12

13

14}

Affiliations

¹ Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
² Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
³ Inserm, UMR-S1144, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
⁴ INSPECT-LB (Institut National de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie Clinique et de Toxicologie- Liban), Beirut, Lebanon.
⁵ School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon.
⁶ Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon.
⁷ Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University of Nicosia Medical School, Egkomi, Nicosia, 2417, Cyprus.
⁸ Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
⁹ Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.
¹⁰ Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Federation of Toxicology, Lariboisière-Fernand Widal Hospital, Paris, France.
¹¹ Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. aline.hajj@usj.edu.lb.
¹² Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de Qualité des Médicaments, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon. aline.hajj@usj.edu.lb.
¹³ Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec city, Québec, Canada. aline.hajj@usj.edu.lb.
¹⁴ Oncology Division, CHU de Québec- Université Laval Research Center, Québec City, Québec, Canada. aline.hajj@usj.edu.lb.

Abstract

Background: The revised Opioid Risk Tool (ORT-OUD) is a brief, self-report scale designed to provide clinicians with a simple, validated method to screen for the risk of developing an Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) in patients without a prior history of substance abuse. This study aimed to translate and validate the Arabic version of ORT-OUD in the Lebanese population and assess its clinical validity in a sample of patients with OUD.

Methods: This cross-sectional study in the Lebanese population used several validated scales to assess the risk of OUD, including the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Other tools evaluated chronotype and sleep and mood disturbances. Principal component analysis with Varimax rotation was applied to assess ORT-OUD construct validity. Convergent validity with the Arabic version of ASSIST was evaluated. The ORT-OUD criterion validity was then assessed in a clinical sample of patients with OUD.

Results: This study included 581 participants. The prevalence of the OUD risk in the Lebanese population using the ORT-OUD scale and the ASSIST-opioids scale was estimated at 14.5% and 6.54%, respectively. No items of the ORT-OUD were removed; all items converged over a solution of four factors with an eigenvalue > 1, explaining a total of 68.2% of the variance (Cronbach's alpha = 0.648). The correlation coefficients between the ORT-OUD total score and ASSIST subscales were as follows: ASSIST-opioids (r = 0.174; p = < 0.001), ASSIST-sedatives (r = 0.249; p < 0.001), and ASSIST-alcohol (r = 0.161; p = < 0.001). ORT-OUD clinical validation showed a correlation with ASSIST-opioids (r = 0.251; p = 0.093) and ASSIST-sedatives (r = 0.598; p < 0.001). Higher ORT-OUD scores were associated with a family and personal history of alcohol and substance consumption and higher insomnia and anxiety scores.

Conclusions: This study is the first to validate the Arabic version of ORT-OUD in the Lebanese population, an essential step towards improving the detection and management of OUD in this population.

Keywords: Arabic; Lebanon; Opioid risk Tool; Opioid use disorder; Scale validation; Sleep disorders.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Analgesics, Opioid
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Mood Disorders*
Opioid-Related Disorders*
Reproducibility of Results
Sleep
Surveys and Questionnaires

Substances

Analgesics, Opioid
Hypnotics and Sedatives