Further Studies on the Highly Active Des-C-Ring and Aromatic-D-Ring Analogues of 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (Calcitriol): Refinement of the Side Chain

J Med Chem. 2023 Nov 23;66(22):15326-15339. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01371. Epub 2023 Nov 1.

Abstract

Current efforts in the vitamin D field are directed toward the development of highly antiproliferative yet noncalcemic analogues of the natural hormone 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3). We have recently reported the design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and crystal structures of a series of novel analogues that both lack the steroidal C-ring and have an m-phenylene ring replacing the steroidal cyclopentane D-ring. We have now investigated the potentiating effects of incorporating selected modifications (hexafluorination and/or an internal triple bond) within the steroidal side chain in our series. An alternative synthetic strategy (Wittig-Horner approach instead of our previously used Pd-catalyzed tandem cyclization/cross-coupling) for the construction of the vitamin D triene system was found convenient for the target compounds 2, 3a, 3b, and 3c of this report. These modifications enhance vitamin D nuclear receptor (VDR) interactions and consequently VDR-associated biological properties compared to parental PG-136 compound while maintaining normal calcium levels.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Calcitriol* / pharmacology
  • HL-60 Cells
  • Humans
  • Receptors, Calcitriol
  • Vitamin D*
  • Vitamins

Substances

  • Calcitriol
  • 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D
  • Vitamin D
  • Receptors, Calcitriol
  • Vitamins