Simultaneous hypersensitivity reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and amoxicillin-clavulanate in a dog

J Vet Sci. 2023 Nov;24(6):e77. doi: 10.4142/jvs.23188. Epub 2023 Oct 4.

Abstract

Antibiotics are known to be able to cause hypersensitivity reactions through various mechanisms. We present a case of drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia (DITP) and anaphylactic shock occurring simultaneously in a dog after the administration of two classes of antibiotics, namely trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (AMC). The patient recovered completely from DITP on discontinuation of TMP-SMX and the anaphylactic shock caused by AMC was treated with intensive care. DITP is a rare adverse drug reaction (ADR), and anaphylactic shock is a life-threatening ADR. This is the first case report of a dog manifesting two types of hypersensitivity reactions caused by two antibiotics.

Keywords: Case reports; adverse drug reaction; anaphylactic shock; antibiotics; immune thrombocytopenia.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Amoxicillin
  • Anaphylaxis* / chemically induced
  • Anaphylaxis* / drug therapy
  • Anaphylaxis* / veterinary
  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / adverse effects
  • Clavulanic Acid
  • Dog Diseases* / chemically induced
  • Dog Diseases* / drug therapy
  • Dogs
  • Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination / adverse effects

Substances

  • Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Amoxicillin
  • Clavulanic Acid