Refracture Following Operative Treatment of Pediatric Both Bone Forearm Fractures

Abstract

Introduction: Both bone forearm fractures are common injuries in children. Most can be treated with reduction and casting. Those that fail nonoperative management can be treated with a plate or intramedullary fixation; however, refracture remains a problem. The goal of this study is to evaluate the refracture rate in both bone forearm fractures based on the mode of fixation.

Methods: Institutional board review approval was obtained. A retrospective chart review from 2010 to 2021 at a single tertiary care institution was conducted for all operative patients <18 years who sustained a both bone forearm fracture. Groups were stratified based on initial operative fixation type: both bones fixated using nails, 1 bone fixated with a nail; both bones plated, and 1 bone plated. Further review was conducted to identify refractures following initial operative treatment. Statistical analyses were conducted using the χ 2 test of independence and Fisher's exact test.

Results: In all, 402 operatively treated both bone forearm fracture patients were identified. Two hundred fifty-six of these patients underwent intramedullary fixation (average age 10.3y/o), while 146 patients received plate fixation (average age 13.8y/o). Fracture location was similar across the nailing and plating cohorts, most often occurring in the mid-shaft region. Patients aged ≤10 years refractured at a significantly higher rate than patients aged >10 years across all operative fixation cohorts (12.5% vs. 2.5%, P <0.001). Among the 256 patients who underwent intramedullary fixation, 61.3% had both bones treated (n=157/256), whereas 38.7% received single bone fixation (n=99/256). Of the 146 plate fixations, 84.4% had both bones fixed (n=123/146), and only 15.8% were treated with single bone fixation (n=23/146). In the intramedullary group, 15 patients sustained refractures, 11 of whom were treated with single bone fixation (11.1%, n=11/99) versus 4 with both both fixation (2.5%, n=4/157). Among the plating group, 7 patients sustained refractures, 6 with both bone fixation (4.9%, n=6/123) and 1 in single bone fixation (4.3%, n=1/23). Refractures were found to be significantly more prevalent among patients treated with single bone compared with both bone intramedullary nail fixation (11.1% vs. 2.5%, P =0.006). By fixated bone, single bone ulna fixations had a higher refracture rate compared with both bone fixations (12.1% vs. 3.6%, P =0.003).

Conclusion: The overall refracture rate following operative treatment of both bone fractures is 5.5% and is similar between intramedullary and plate fixations. Overall, patients ≤10 years of age had a higher rate of refracture. Among single bone fixations, higher refracture was seen with intramedullary fixations, and when the radius was treated nonoperatively. Surgeons may be able to reduce the refracture rate by performing intramedullary fixation of both bones instead of only one bone. Effective postoperative counseling among younger patients may also decrease refracture rates.