The ecological restoration and protection of territorial space is a systematic project for the protection and restoration of ecosystems damaged or degraded by human disturbance. Effectiveness evaluation is of great significance to the optimization, adjustment, and sustainability of ecological restoration and protection. Current research and practices tend to focus on a single element and the site scale. Based on the study on the connotation of ecological restoration and protection of territorial space and the multi-scale characteristics of ecosystems, we constructed a multi-scale effectiveness evaluation system for ecological restoration and protection of territorial space and a full-cycle monitoring system for effectiveness evaluation. The multi-scale effectiveness evaluation system consisted of the regional/watershed scale, the protection and restoration unit scale, and the sub-project scale. The full-cycle monitoring system contained the basic information investigation system before construction, the construction monitoring system during construction, and the multi-scale effectiveness evaluation system after construction. At the regional/watershed scale, structure, quality, and services of ecosystem were concerned and remote sensing was used as the main method to capture data. At the protection and restoration unit scale, ecological stress factors, ecosystem quality and services were concerned, and the main methods were remote sensing combined with field survey. At the sub-project scale, engineering technology measures were concerned and the field survey was used as the main method. In the implementation of the multi-scale effectiveness evaluation, it would be necessary to focus on and solve the key issues including the spillover effect, transmission mechanism, and potential impact of ecological restoration.
国土空间生态保护修复是对受到人类干扰而受损或退化的生态系统进行保护和修复的系统工程,成效评估对其优化调整与实现效益可持续具有重要意义。已有研究与实践往往存在侧重单一要素和子项目尺度的局限。本文在梳理国土空间生态保护修复内涵的基础上,基于生态系统的多尺度特征,构建了面向国土空间生态保护修复的多尺度成效评估体系与支撑成效评估的全周期监测体系。多尺度成效评估体系由子项目尺度、保护修复单元尺度和区域/流域尺度3大尺度构成,全周期监测体系由基础信息调查体系、工程实施监测体系、多尺度成效评估体系组成。区域/流域尺度关注生态系统的结构、生态系统质量与生态系统服务等,数据主要依托遥感获取;保护修复单元尺度关注生态胁迫因子、生态系统质量与服务等,数据可依托遥感与地面调查结合获取;子项目尺度关注工程技术措施的实施情况,数据主要依托地面调查获取。在实施多尺度成效评估时,需重点关注和解决生态修复的溢出效应、传导机制、潜在影响等关键问题。.
Keywords: ecological restoration and protection of territorial space; effectiveness evaluation; full-cycle monitoring; multi-scale.