Pregnancy physical activity questionnaire: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of a Greek version

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to translate and adapt the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) into Greek culture.

Study design: The procedure followed to translate the PPAQ included the stages: forward translation, synthesis, backward translation and an expert committee review. Members of the research team discussed ambiguities, discordances and equivalence at each stage. Then, the pre-final Greek version of the PPAQ was pre-tested on 46 pregnant women; a quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted.

Results: Few modifications were done to the original PPAQ, in order to ensure cultural adaptation and clinical implementation. Appropriate changes to the international metric units were done. In addition, two items have been modified to achieve relevance with Greek culture. Two items were merged into one and three items were splitted, which maintained their initial meaning. Those changes were made to match the energy expenditure compendium update for physical activities. Participants at the pre-test had a mean age of 34,23 years, response time to the questionnaire varied between 5 and 10 min and there were no missing data. No difficulties or misunderstandings were reported by the participants during pre-testing. Thus, the research team agreed on the pre-final PPAQ Greek version.

Conclusion: The final PPAQ Greek version indicated transcultural equivalence to the original PPAQ in English. It is also a unique questionnaire for assessing physical activity in Greek pregnant women and will be a useful tool in clinical routine.

Keywords: Cultural adaptation; Physical activity assessment; Pregnant women; Questionnaire; Translation.