Is the long-term mortality similar in COVID-19 and community-acquired pneumonia?

Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Oct 10:10:1236142. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1236142. eCollection 2023.

Abstract

Introduction: There are no data on the association of type of pneumonia and long-term mortality by the type of pneumonia (COVID-19 or community-acquired pneumonia [CAP]) on long-term mortality after an adjustment for potential confounding variables. We aimed to assess the type of pneumonia and risk factors for long-term mortality in patients who were hospitalized in conventional ward and later discharged.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of two prospective and multicentre cohorts of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and CAP. The main outcome under study was 1-year mortality in hospitalized patients in conventional ward and later discharged. We adjusted a Bayesian logistic regression model to assess associations between the type of pneumonia and 1-year mortality controlling for confounders.

Results: The study included a total of 1,693 and 2,374 discharged patients in the COVID-19 and CAP cohorts, respectively. Of these, 1,525 (90.1%) and 2,249 (95%) patients underwent analysis. Until 1-year follow-up, 69 (4.5%) and 148 (6.6%) patients from the COVID-19 and CAP cohorts, respectively, died (p = 0.008). However, the Bayesian model showed a low probability of effect (PE) of finding relevant differences in long-term mortality between CAP and COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.127, 95% credibility interval 0.862-1.591; PE = 0.774).

Conclusion: COVID-19 and CAP have similar long-term mortality after adjusting for potential confounders.

Keywords: Bayesian; COVID-19; long-term; mortality; pneumonia.

Grants and funding

This study received support by a non-conditional grant from Gebro Pharma Laboratories, which did not participate in the design, data collection, statistical analysis or writing of the article. El Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through Project [PI17/01421] and Project [COV20/00385] (co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund. “Investing in your future”). Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR): 1078/2020. Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR): Convocatoria extraordinaria PII Infecciones Respiratorias 2011. RaM is the recipient of a Juan Rodés grant, supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII [JR21/00051]). PG-J is the recipient of a post-resident research grant supported by the Health Research Institute La Fe (2019-053-1). CC received a grant from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (PI19/00207), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by the European Union.