Neighborhood garden's age shapes phyllosphere microbiota associated with respiratory diseases in cold seasons

Chang Zhao; Xinxin Liu; Haoxin Tan; Shan Yin; Lantian Su; Baoming Du; Muhammad Khalid; Aki Sinkkonen; Nan Hui

doi:10.1016/j.ese.2023.100315

Neighborhood garden's age shapes phyllosphere microbiota associated with respiratory diseases in cold seasons

Environ Sci Ecotechnol. 2023 Sep 23:18:100315. doi: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100315. eCollection 2024 Mar.

Authors

Chang Zhao^{1

2

3}, Xinxin Liu^{1

2

3}, Haoxin Tan^{1

4}, Shan Yin¹, Lantian Su¹, Baoming Du¹, Muhammad Khalid⁵, Aki Sinkkonen⁶, Nan Hui^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China.
² Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China.
³ Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, 800 Dongchuan Rd., 200240, Shanghai, China.
⁴ Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Lahti, Finland.
⁵ Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou, China.
⁶ Department of Garden Technologies, Horticulture Technologies, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland.

Abstract

Neighborhood gardens serve as sensitive sites for human microbial encounters, with phyllosphere microbes directly impacting our respiratory health. Yet, our understanding remains limited on how factors like season, garden age, and land use shape the risk of respiratory diseases (RDs) tied to these garden microbes. Here we examined the microbial communities within the phyllosphere of 72 neighborhood gardens across Shanghai, spanning different seasons (warm and cold), garden ages (old and young), and locales (urban and rural). We found a reduced microbial diversity during the cold season, except for Gammaproteobacteria which exhibited an inverse trend. While land use influenced the microbial composition, urban and rural gardens had strikingly similar microbial profiles. Alarmingly, young gardens in the cold season hosted a substantial proportion of RDs-associated species, pointing towards increased respiratory inflammation risks. In essence, while newer gardens during colder periods show a decline in microbial diversity, they have an increased presence of RDs-associated microbes, potentially escalating respiratory disease prevalence. This underscores the pivotal role the garden age plays in enhancing both urban microbial diversity and respiratory health.

Keywords: Garden age; Neighborhood gardens; Phyllosphere microbial communities; Respiratory diseases; Seasonal variation.