Effects of postponing nitrogen topdressing on starch structural properties of superior and inferior grains in hybrid indica rice cultivars with different taste values

Xiaojuan Yuan; Yongheng Luo; Yonggang Yang; Kairui Chen; Yanfang Wen; Yinghan Luo; Bo Li; Yangming Ma; Changchun Guo; Zongkui Chen; Zhiyuan Yang; Yongjian Sun; Jun Ma

doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1251505

Effects of postponing nitrogen topdressing on starch structural properties of superior and inferior grains in hybrid indica rice cultivars with different taste values

Front Plant Sci. 2023 Oct 10:14:1251505. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1251505. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Xiaojuan Yuan¹, Yongheng Luo¹, Yonggang Yang¹, Kairui Chen¹, Yanfang Wen¹, Yinghan Luo¹, Bo Li¹, Yangming Ma¹, Changchun Guo^{1

2}, Zongkui Chen¹, Zhiyuan Yang¹, Yongjian Sun^{1

3}, Jun Ma¹

Affiliations

¹ Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
² Key Laboratory of Southwest Rice Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Rice and Sorghum Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.

Abstract

Introduction: Nitrogen (N) fertilizer management, especially postponing N topdressing can affect rice eating quality by regulating starch quality of superior and inferior grains, but the details are unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of N topdressing on starch structure and properties of superior and inferior grains in hybrid indica rice with different tastes and to clarify the relationship between starch structure, properties, and taste quality.

Methods: Two hybrid indica rice varieties, namely the low-taste Fyou 498 and high-taste Shuangyou 573, were used as experimental materials. Based on 150 kg·N hm^-2, three N fertilizer treatments were established: zero N (N₀), local farmer practice (basal fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer=7:3:0) (N₁), postponing N topdressing (basal fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer=3:1:6) (N₂).

Results: The starch granules of superior grains were more complete, and the decrease in small granules content and the stability of starch crystals were a certain extent less than those of inferior grains. Compared with N₁, under N₂, low-taste and high-taste varieties large starch granules content were significantly reduced by 6.89%, 0.74% in superior grains and 4.26%, 2.71% in inferior grains, the (B2 + B3) chains was significantly reduced by 1.61%, 0.98% in superior grains, and 1.18%, 0.97% in inferior grains, both reduced the relative crystallinity and 1045/1022 cm^-1, thereby decreasing the stability of the starch crystalline region and the orderliness of starch granules. N₂ treatment reduced the ΔHgel of two varieties. These changes ultimately contributed to the enhancement of the taste values in superior and inferior grains in both varieties, especially the inferior grains. Correlation analysis showed that the average starch volume diameter (D[4,3]) and relative crystallinity were significantly positively correlated with the taste value of superior and inferior sgrains, suggesting their potential use as an evaluation index for the simultaneous enhancement of the taste value of rice with superior and inferior grains.

Discussion: Based on 150 kg·N hm^-2, postponing N topdressing (basal fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: panicle fertilizer=3:1:6) promotes the enhancement of the overall taste value and provides theoretical information for the production of rice with high quality.

Keywords: eating quality; indica rice; postponing nitrogen topdressing; starch structure; superior and inferior grains.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program Foundation of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2022YFD1100204); the Project Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China (Grant No. SKL-ZY202228); the Research Program Foundation of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China, the Cultivation of Green and Efficient Super Rice Varieties (Grant No. 2022ZDZX0012); Sichuan agricultural machinery R&D manufacturing promotion and application integration pilot project (Hilly area rice intelligent transplanted R&D manufacturing promotion and application); the Rice Breeding Project Foundation of Sichuan Provincial Science and Technology Department (Grant No. 2021YFYZ0005)