Effect of surface topography and wettability on shear bond strength of Y-TZP ceramic

Suriyakul Wongsue; Ornnicha Thanatvarakorn; Taweesak Prasansuttiporn; Piyarat Nimmanpipug; Thanapat Sastraruji; Keiichi Hosaka; Richard M Foxton; Masatoshi Nakajima

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-45510-8

Effect of surface topography and wettability on shear bond strength of Y-TZP ceramic

Sci Rep. 2023 Oct 25;13(1):18249. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-45510-8.

Authors

Suriyakul Wongsue¹, Ornnicha Thanatvarakorn², Taweesak Prasansuttiporn³, Piyarat Nimmanpipug⁴, Thanapat Sastraruji⁵, Keiichi Hosaka⁶, Richard M Foxton⁷, Masatoshi Nakajima⁸

Affiliations

¹ Dental Section, Buddhasothorn Hospital, Na Muang, Muang, 24000, Chachoengsao, Thailand.
² Faculty of Dentistry, Bangkokthonburi University, 16/10 Leab Klong Taweewatana Rd., Taweewatana, 10170, Bangkok, Thailand.
³ Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep, Muang Chiang Mai, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand. dent.taweesak@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Suthep, Muang Chiang Mai, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
⁵ Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Chiang Mai University, Suthep, Muang Chiang Mai, 50200, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
⁶ Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
⁷ King's College London Dental Institute, King's College London, Floor 25, London Bridge, London, SE1-9RT, UK.
⁸ Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.

Abstract

Zirconia ceramics have been widely used as dental restorations due to their esthetic appearance and high flexural strength. The bonding of zirconia with resin cement should rely on both mechanical and chemical bonds. This study was performed to investigate the effect of zirconia surface topography and its wettability after surface pretreatments on the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of a resin cement. Zirconia slabs were prepared and randomly divided into 5 groups based on the surface treatment as follows: no treatment (control), air abrasion (AB), etching with hydrofluoric acid (F), the mixture of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid (FN), or the mixture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid (CN) for 10 min. The specimens were subjected to investigation of surface roughness characteristics [average roughness (Ra), peak-to-valley average distance (Rpv), skewness (Rsk), and kurtosis (Rku)] using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and measurements of surface contact angle (θ_c) and μSBS of a resin cement. In addition, the area % of the nanoscale surface irregularity (nSI%) was calculated from the AFM images. The effects of nSI%, Ra and θ_c on the μSBS were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis (p < 0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the nSI% was the most predominant factor for the μSBS (p < 0.001). A surface with larger nSI%, higher Ra and relatively lower θ_c was essential for establishing a reliable resin-zirconia bond.