Objective: To study the infection status and epidemiological characteristics of parainfluenza virus (PIV) in acute respiratory tract infection adult cases in Shanghai from 2015 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for preventing and controlling PIV. Methods: Acute respiratory tract infections were collected from 13 hospitals in Shanghai from 2015 to 2021. Relevant information was registered, and respiratory specimens were sampled to detect respiratory pathogens by multiplex PCR. Results: A total of 5 104 adult acute respiratory tract infection cases were included; the overall positive rate of the respiratory pathogens was 29.37% (1 499/5 104). The positive rate of PIV was 2.61% (133/5 104), compared with 2.32% (55/2 369) and 2.85% (78/2 735) in influenza-like cases (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases, respectively. Among them, PIV3 accounted for the highest proportion (62.41%, 83/133), followed by PIV1 (18.80%, 25/133), PIV2 (9.77%, 13/133), and PIV4 (9.02%, 12/133). The incidence of PIV-positive cases was mainly distributed in the first and second quarters, accounting for 62.41% (83/133). The difference in the incidence in each quarter was significant (χ2=24.78, P<0.001). Mixed infection accounted for 18.80% (25/133) of 133 PIV-positive cases, the mixed infection rates of ILI and SARI were 18.18% (10/55) and 19.23% (15/78), respectively, and the main mixed pathogen of PIV was coronavirus 229E. Conclusions: There are a certain proportion of PIV-positive acute respiratory tract infection cases in Shanghai. It is necessary to strengthen the etiological surveillance in acute respiratory tract infection cases, especially the mixed infection of PIV and other pathogens.
目的： 研究2015-2021年上海市成年人急性呼吸道感染病例中副流感病毒（PIV）的感染特征和流行规律，为PIV的防控提供科学依据。 方法： 收集2015-2021年在上海市13家医院就诊和住院的成年人急性呼吸道感染病例，对纳入病例进行信息登记和采样，采用多重PCR技术进行常见呼吸道病原体的检测。 结果： 共纳入5 104例成年人急性呼吸道感染病例，病原总阳性率为29.37%（1 499/5 104）。PIV阳性率为2.61%（133/5 104），在流感样病例（ILI）和严重急性呼吸道感染病例（SARI）中的阳性率分别为2.32%（55/2 369）和2.85%（78/2 735）。其中，以PIV3为主，占62.41%（83/133），其次是PIV1（18.80%，25/133）、PIV2（9.77%，13/133）和PIV4（9.02%，12/133）。133例PIV阳性病例的发病时间主要分布在第二、三季度，占62.41%（83/133），各季度阳性率的差异有统计学意义（χ2=24.78，P<0.001）。133例PIV阳性病例中与其他呼吸道病原体混合感染占18.80%（25/133），ILI和SARI的混合感染率分别为18.18%（10/55）和19.23%（15/78），主要混合感染病原为冠状病毒229E。 结论： 上海市急性呼吸道感染病例中存在一定比例的PIV阳性病例，需进一步加强急性呼吸道感染病例的病原学监测，重点关注PIV与其他病原的混合感染。.