Signs of perceptual disorder during movement were reliably assessed in children with cerebral palsy in Sweden

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this Swedish study was to evaluate the assessment of clinical signs of perceptual disorder in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods: Three experienced raters assessed 56 videos of 19 children from 1 to 18 years of age with bilateral spastic CP, which were recorded by colleagues at an Italian hospital. Six signs were evaluated for inter-rater reliability and criterion validity. Clinical applicability was evaluated by assessing inter-rater reliability between 47 Swedish clinicians, who examined 15 of the videos during face-to-face and online education seminars. There were 41 physiotherapists, two occupational therapists and four doctors, with 1-37 years of clinical experience and a median of 10 years.

Results: The experienced raters demonstrated moderate to almost perfect inter-rater reliability (kappa 0.54-0.81) and criterion validity (0.54-0.87) for startle reaction, upper limbs in startle position, averted eye gaze and eye blinking. The clinicians recognised these signs with at least moderate reliability (0.56-0.88). Grimacing and posture freezing were less reliable (0.22-0.35) and valid (0.09-0.50).

Conclusion: Four of the six signs of perceptual disorder were reliably recognised by experienced raters and by clinicians after education seminars. Extended education and larger study samples are needed to recognise all the signs.

Keywords: cerebral palsy; criterion validity; education seminars; inter-rater reliability; perceptual disorder.