Internet of Things-based sustainable environment management for large indoor facilities

Muhammad Hanif Lashari; Sarang Karim; Musaed Alhussein; Ayaz Ahmed Hoshu; Khursheed Aurangzeb; Muhammad Shahid Anwar

doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.1623

Internet of Things-based sustainable environment management for large indoor facilities

PeerJ Comput Sci. 2023 Oct 9:9:e1623. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1623. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Muhammad Hanif Lashari¹, Sarang Karim², Musaed Alhussein³, Ayaz Ahmed Hoshu⁴, Khursheed Aurangzeb³, Muhammad Shahid Anwar⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, United States.
² Department of Telecommunication Engineering, Quaid-e-Awan University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah, Pakistan.
³ Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Larkana Campus, Pakistan.
⁵ Department of AI and Software, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, South Korea.

Abstract

Due to global warming and climate change, the poultry industry is heavily impacted, especially the broiler industry, due to the sensitive immune system of broiler chickens. However, the continuous monitoring and controlling of the farm's environmental parameters can help to curtail the negative impacts of the environment on chickens' health, leading to increased meat production. This article presents smart solutions to such issues, which are practically implemented, and have low production and operational costs. In this article, an Internet of Things (IoT) based environmental parameters monitoring has been demonstrated for the poultry farmhouse. This system enables the collection and visualization of crucially sensed data automatically and reliably, and at a low cost to efficiently manage and operate a poultry farm. The proposed IoT-based remote monitoring system collects and visualizes environmental parameters, such as air temperature, relative humidity (RH), oxygen level (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), and ammonia (NH₃) gas concentrations. The wireless sensor nodes have been designed and deployed for efficient data collection of the essential environmental parameters that are key for monitoring and decision-making process. The hardware is implemented and deployed successfully at a site within the control shed of the poultry farmhouse. The results revealed important findings related to the environmental conditions within the poultry farm. The temperature inside the control sheds remained within the desired range throughout the monitoring period, with daily average values ranging from 32 °C to 34 °C. The RH showed slight variations monitoring period, ranging from 65% to 75%, with a daily average of 70%. The O₂ concentration exhibited an average value of 17% to 18.5% throughout the monitoring period. The CO₂ levels showed occasional increases, reaching a maximum value of 1,100 ppm. However, this value was below the maximum permissible level of 2,500 ppm, indicating that the ventilation system was effective in maintaining acceptable CO₂ levels within the control sheds. The NH₃ gas concentration remained consistently low throughout the duration, with an average value of 50 parts per million (ppm).

Keywords: Broiler chicken; Data collection; Environmental management; Environmental monitoring; Indoor facilities; Internet of Things; Poultry farm; Remote monitoring; Smart farming; Wireless sensor networks.

Grants and funding

This research is funded by the Researchers Supporting Project Number (RSPD2023R947), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.