Bacterium-like particles derived from probiotics: progress, challenges and prospects

Xinyao Zhou; Mingchun Gao; Xinqi De; Tong Sun; Zhikun Bai; Jilong Luo; Fang Wang; Junwei Ge

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1263586

Bacterium-like particles derived from probiotics: progress, challenges and prospects

Front Immunol. 2023 Oct 6:14:1263586. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1263586. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Xinyao Zhou¹, Mingchun Gao¹, Xinqi De¹, Tong Sun¹, Zhikun Bai², Jilong Luo¹, Fang Wang³, Junwei Ge^{1

4}

Affiliations

¹ College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
² School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.
⁴ Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Harbin, China.

Abstract

Bacterium-like particles (BLPs) are hollow peptidoglycan particles obtained from food-grade Lactococcus lactis inactivated by hot acid. With the advantage of easy preparation, high safety, great stability, high loading capacity, and high mucosal delivery efficiency, BLPs can load and display proteins on the surface with the help of protein anchor (PA), making BLPs a proper delivery system. Owning to these features, BLPs are widely used in the development of adjuvants, vaccine carriers, virus/antigens purification, and enzyme immobilization. This review has attempted to gather a full understanding of the technical composition, characteristics, applications. The mechanism by which BLPs induces superior adaptive immune responses is also discussed. Besides, this review tracked the latest developments in the field of BLPs, including Lactobacillus-derived BLPs and novel anchors. Finally, the main limitations and proposed breakthrough points to further enhance the immunogenicity of BLPs vaccines were discussed, providing directions for future research. We hope that further developments in the field of antigen delivery of subunit vaccines or others will benefit from BLPs.

Keywords: antigen delivery; bacterium-like particles; carrier-adjuvant; lactic acid bacteria; vaccine.

Publication types

Review
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adjuvants, Immunologic
Antigens
Bacteria*
Probiotics* / therapeutic use
Vaccines, Subunit

Substances

Antigens
Adjuvants, Immunologic
Vaccines, Subunit

Grants and funding

The authors declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31672532) and China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA.