Background: The efficacy of transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block versus local anesthetic wound infiltration (LWI) in pediatric laparoscopic surgery is largely unknown. The objective of this study was to prospectively analyze this in minimally invasive cholecystectomy. We hypothesized that TAP block would be superior to LWI in terms of pain control and post-operative complications.
Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, single-blinded, controlled trial between 2017 and 2022 after obtaining Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval. After randomization, patients received a standard amount of ropivacaine via either 1) ultrasound-guided TAP block after general anesthesia induction or 2) local injection at port insertion by the operating surgeon. We collected data including operative time, pain scores, and medication usage post-operatively. We used descriptive statistics to report all endpoints and compared data with t-tests and Fisher's exact tests. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: We enrolled 85 patients (43 LWI, 42 TAP). Mean [standard deviation] age and body mass index (BMI) in the LWI and TAP groups were 14.8 [1.9] and 14.7 [2] years and 29.9 [7.2] and 27.4 [8.2] kilogram/meter2 (kg/m2) respectively. We did not find any significant differences in postoperative opioid use, pain scores, and gastrointestinal symptoms. TAP patients had significantly longer time between anesthesia-start and procedure-start (p < 0.001), although total time under anesthesia was not significantly different (p = 0.540).
Conclusion: There are no significant differences between equal administration of local anesthetic by TAP block and surgeon administered LWI during minimally invasive cholecystectomy.
Type of study: Randomized clinical trial.
Level of evidence: Level II.
Keywords: Analgesia; Cholecystectomy; Laparoscopic; Opioid; Pain; Robotic.
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