The relationship between sarcopenia and mortality in Chinese community-dwelling adults: a 7-year cohort study with propensity score matching and Mendelian randomization

Lijiao Xiong; Tingfeng Liao; Tianting Guo; Zhaohao Zeng; Shuojia Wang; Guangyan Yang; Xiaohao Wang; Xinyu Wang; Jing Zhu; Pengfei Zhao; Yanchun Li; Lixing Li; Lin Kang; Shu Yang; Zhen Liang

doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1215512

The relationship between sarcopenia and mortality in Chinese community-dwelling adults: a 7-year cohort study with propensity score matching and Mendelian randomization

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023 Oct 4:14:1215512. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215512. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Lijiao Xiong^{1

2}, Tingfeng Liao^{1

2}, Tianting Guo³, Zhaohao Zeng^{2

4}, Shuojia Wang^{1

2

5}, Guangyan Yang^{1

2}, Xiaohao Wang^{1

2}, Xinyu Wang^{1

2}, Jing Zhu^{1

2}, Pengfei Zhao^{1

2}, Yanchun Li^{1

2}, Lixing Li^{1

2}, Lin Kang^{1

2}, Shu Yang^{1

2}, Zhen Liang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Geriatrics, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China.
² Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China.
³ Department of Orthopedics, Ganzhou Hospital of Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Ganzhou Municipal Hospital, Ganzhou, China.
⁴ Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China.
⁵ Post-doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.

Abstract

Background: Sarcopenia has been linked to adverse health outcomes, including an increased risk of mortality. This study aimed to assess the 7-year mortality risk of sarcopenia in a community-based population in China and explore the causal relationship between components of sarcopenia and any death.

Methods: Data were sourced from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted between 2011 and 2018. Sarcopenia was diagnosed using the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 criteria. Logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis, and propensity score matching with inverse probability of treatment weighting were used. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, conducted using European population data, were utilized to assess causality between sarcopenia and any death.

Results: The study included 9,006 participants: 3,892 had no sarcopenia, 3,570 had possible sarcopenia, 1,125 had sarcopenia, and 419 had severe sarcopenia. Over 7 years of follow-up, there were 871 deaths, including 196 with sarcopenia and 133 with severe sarcopenia. The KM curves showed that sarcopenia had a higher risk of mortality. Compared to those of no sarcopenia, the odds ratios (ORs) of sarcopenia for 7-year mortality were 1.41 (95% CI, 1.06-1.87) after adjusting for confounding variables (p < 0.05). The ORs of severe sarcopenia were 2.11 (95% CI, 1.51-2.95). Propensity score matching analysis and inverse probability of treatment weighting analysis confirmed these findings. The adjusted ORs of sarcopenia and 7-year mortality were 2.94 (95% CI, 1.6-5.39) in the 45-60 age group, 1.72 (95% CI, 1.11-2.68) in the 60-80 age group, and 5.03 (95% CI, 0.48-52.65) in the ≥80 age group. The ORs of severe sarcopenia and 7-year mortality were 6.92 (95% CI, 1.95-24.5) in the 45-60 age group, 2.59 (95% CI, 1.61-4.17) in the 60-80 age group, and 12.52 (95% CI, 1.18-133.18) in the ≥80 age group. The MR analyses, leveraging the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, unveiled substantial causal links between low hand grip strength in individuals aged 60 and older, the usual walking pace, and mortality risk.

Conclusion: This study underscores the significant impact of sarcopenia and its components on mortality risk within the Chinese population. Particularly, low hand grip strength and usual walking pace emerged as noteworthy contributors to mortality risk.

Keywords: Mendelian randomization; mortality risk; sarcopenia; the CHARLS; the propensity score matching.

MeSH terms

Adult
Aged
Cohort Studies
East Asian People*
Hand Strength
Humans
Independent Living
Longitudinal Studies
Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Middle Aged
Propensity Score
Sarcopenia* / epidemiology

Grants and funding

This research was supported by grants from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China (Nos. KCXFZ20201221173600001 and JCYJ20220818102605013).