Serological survey of immunoglobulin G from Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy goats in East Java, Indonesia

Mira Fatmawati; Lucia Tri Suwanti; Mufasirin Mufasirin; Sulinawati Fong; Sisca Valinata; Didik Tulus Subekti; Fitrine Ekawasti; Hana A Ali Awad

doi:10.14202/vetworld.2023.1926-1932

Serological survey of immunoglobulin G from Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy goats in East Java, Indonesia

Vet World. 2023 Sep;16(9):1926-1932. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2023.1926-1932. Epub 2023 Sep 23.

Authors

Mira Fatmawati^{1

2}, Lucia Tri Suwanti^{3

4}, Mufasirin Mufasirin^{3

4}, Sulinawati Fong⁵, Sisca Valinata⁵, Didik Tulus Subekti⁶, Fitrine Ekawasti⁶, Hana A Ali Awad⁷

Affiliations

¹ Sains Veteriner Doctoral Program, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University, Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
² Laboratory of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Brawijaya University, Kalisongo, Malang District, Indonesia.
³ Division of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University; Mulyorejo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
⁴ Toxoplasma Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
⁵ Veterinary Disease Investigation Center, Bandar Lampung, Lampung, Indonesia.
⁶ The Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Bogor, Indonesia.
⁷ Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Omer Al Mukhtar University, Libya.

Abstract

Background and aim: Toxoplasma gondii infection is a significant issue of veterinary public health because it is potentially transmitted through goat milk. Therefore, the use of control measures and routine monitoring of toxoplasmosis in dairy goats is necessary. Serological analysis using antibodies can detect T. gondii infection. This study aimed to conduct an epidemiological study of T. gondii in dairy goats using antibody detection and risk factor identification.

Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional study. We performed a serological analysis of T. gondii infection in dairy goats to evaluate the prevalence of toxoplasmosis. Random sampling was performed, including 132 lactating dairy goats. Toxoplasma-modified agglutination test was used as a serological test for immunoglobulin G with a sensitivity of 98.55%, specificity of 86.21%, and accuracy of 94.9%. A structured questionnaire was used to collect risk factor data, which were analyzed using the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. The statistical package for the social sciences v. 21 was used for statistical analyses.

Results: The seroprevalence of T. gondii in Malang and Lumajang Regency was 100% and 90.7%, respectively. A significant difference in prevalence of T. gondii was observed between the two districts. Livestock management practices that significantly influenced T. gondii seroprevalence included water sources (p < 0.05; relative risk [RR] = 1.151; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.044-1.269). Farmers' characteristics that significantly influenced T. gondii seroprevalence included education (p < 0.05; RR = 1.125; 95% CI: 1.037-1.221), main occupation (p < 0.05; RR = 1.118; 95% CI: 1.035-1.207), and position in the organization of dairy goats farmers (p < 0.05; RR = 1.141; 95% CI: 1.022-1.274).

Conclusion: In East Java, the prevalence of T. gondii in dairy goats is high. This study provides detailed information regarding risk factors associated with T. gondii seroprevalence in dairy goats in East Java, Indonesia.

Keywords: dairy goats; risk factor; seroprevalence; toxoplasma modified agglutination test.