Prevalence of Risk Factors of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps Among the Saudi Population

Ahmad K Alnemare; Abdulaziz B Almutairi; Amirah F Almutairi; Turki Bin Mahfoz; Shaden B Almutairi; Athari K Alnemare; Rakan B Almjlad; Maathir N Alhumam; Raghad E Alghassab

doi:10.7759/cureus.45420

Prevalence of Risk Factors of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps Among the Saudi Population

Cureus. 2023 Sep 17;15(9):e45420. doi: 10.7759/cureus.45420. eCollection 2023 Sep.

Authors

Ahmad K Alnemare¹, Abdulaziz B Almutairi², Amirah F Almutairi², Turki Bin Mahfoz³, Shaden B Almutairi², Athari K Alnemare², Rakan B Almjlad², Maathir N Alhumam⁴, Raghad E Alghassab⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, SAU.
² College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, SAU.
³ Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, SAU.
⁴ College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU.
⁵ College of Medicine, Al Jouf University, Al-Jouf, SAU.

Abstract

Background The burden of chronic rhinosinusitis symptoms experienced by Saudi citizens is considered an important factor in getting an overall insight of the problem in the region, therefore our study aimed to determine the prevalence of risk factors of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and correlate the risk factors with various sociodemographic parameters among Saudi population. Methods This study analyzed five-year cross-sectional data from 2017-2021. A total of 386 participants were enrolled and subsequently divided into four groups: aged 18-25 years, 26-35 years, 36-45 years, and > 45 years. A study was conducted utilizing non-probability sampling targeting a population of Saudi nationality living in selected regions of Saudi Arabia. Data was collected through an online questionnaire which had been distributed through social media and had been analyzed accordingly using a statistical package for social sciences. Results In this study, 272 (70.5%) participants were female and 114 (29.5%) were male. A total of 374 (96.9%) participants were Saudis while 12 (3.1%) were non-Saudis. Risk factors were compared by age and gender of study participants. Having polyps in the nose (p-value 0.016) and a family history of polyps (p-value 0.049) showed a significant association with the gender of study participants. The frequency of having nasal polyps was significantly higher among male participants, however, having a family history of nasal polyps was significantly higher among female participants. The educational status of study participants showed a significant association with the use of cortisone (p-value 0.032) and having a broken nose (p-value 0.032). Having a family history of nasal polyps showed a significant (p-value 0.017) association with the socioeconomic status of study participants. Conclusion Nasal polyps are more common in males than females, however, having a family history of nasal polyps was significantly higher among female participants.

Keywords: ent - ear nose and throat; nasal polyps; prevalence; rhinosinusitis; risk factors.