Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly prevalent disease that affects approximately 10-12% of the global population. Therefore, it is considered a public health priority. Persistent and systemic low-grade chronic inflammation (CI) is an important part of the poor prognosis in CKD, especially for patients with advanced disease. For example, CI worsens anemia and promotes atherosclerosis. Therefore, CI deserves our attention.
Summary: The formation of CI in CKD involves many aspects. Among them, the decline in the glomerular filtration rate leads to the influence of substances or inflammatory cytokines that should be cleared in time. In addition, oxidative stress, the gut, and the gut microbiota are also influencing factors.
Key messages: In this review, we highlight the mechanisms involved in the development of CI in CKD.
Keywords: Chronic inflammation; Chronic kidney disease; Dialysis; Glomerular filtration rate; Gut microbiota; Immune system; Oxidative stress; Physical activity.
© 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.