Multicancer Early Detection Tests: An Overview of Early Results From Prospective Clinical Studies and Opportunities for Oncologists

JCO Oncol Pract. 2023 Dec;19(12):1111-1115. doi: 10.1200/OP.23.00260. Epub 2023 Oct 18.

Abstract

A multitude of blood-based multicancer early detection (MCED) tests assessing cancer-related alterations in circulating genomic analytes and other associated signatures are currently being developed with the potential to disrupt current single-organ screening paradigms. Pathways for clinical implementation of these novel MCED tests have not been delineated, particularly for the patients with signal positive results requiring additional confirmatory testing. In this overview, we highlight early results from prospective clinical studies testing the efficacy of genomic MCED tests in cohorts of patients without known cancer diagnoses. Additionally, we discuss a proposed professional expansion of the oncology practice relating to the diagnostic workup of individuals found to have an MCED signal positive for cancer. As MCED blood tests have the potential to dramatically upend current cancer screening paradigms and downstream cancer therapy, it is imperative for oncologists to be aware of important clinical studies and the multitude of unanswered questions. The current gaps in the clinical implication of these tests may serve as a meaningful and rewarding expansion of oncology practice.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Early Detection of Cancer
  • Humans
  • Medical Oncology
  • Neoplasms* / diagnosis
  • Neoplasms* / genetics
  • Oncologists*
  • Prospective Studies