Investigating the factors affecting the self-care behaviors of patients with type II diabetes and the role of demographic variables: A case study in Iran

Nafiseh Montazeri; Saeedeh Bakhshi; Roya Malekzadeh; Arash Ziapour; Fakhreddin Chaboksavar; Fateme Yazdi; Fatemeh Darabi; Nasim Hamidipour; Parvin Abdi Gheshlaghi; Neda Kianipour

doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_1307_22

Investigating the factors affecting the self-care behaviors of patients with type II diabetes and the role of demographic variables: A case study in Iran

J Educ Health Promot. 2023 Aug 31:12:291. doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1307_22. eCollection 2023.

Affiliations

¹ Cardiovascular Research Center, Imam Ali Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
² Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
³ Nursing Care Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, I.R. Iran.
⁴ School of Nursing and Midwifery, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
⁵ Department of Public Health, Asadabad School of Medical Sciences, Asadabad, Iran.
⁶ Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
⁷ Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

Abstract

Background: Self-care practices in diabetes patients are crucial to keep the illness under control and prevent complications. Effective management of diabetes will be a difficult task without an adequate understanding of the current level of practice related to diabetes self-care. Therefore, this study aims to assess the factors affecting the self-care behaviors of patients with type II diabetes and the role of demographic variables in Iran.

Materials and methods: The present study is a descriptive-analytical study that was designed and conducted in 2022. This study population was type II diabetic patients at the Diabetes Research Center of Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah who were selected by available sampling method of 280 samples. Data collection tools included demographic characteristics questionnaire and standard self-care questionnaire for the Glasgow and Toobert diabetic patients. Data were analyzed using SPSS-23 software, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and stepwise regression.

Results: The mean of self-care scores was 2.07 ± 2.08 and indicated an unfavorable condition. The highest mean scores of self-care were in the field of regular use of medications, and the lowest scores were in the field of blood-glucose testing. The mean scores of self-care were significantly different based on marital status, occupation status, residence, type of treatment, duration of diabetes, years, smoking status (P < 0.05). Regression results showed that the variables predictors; type of treatment, smoking status, the complication of diabetes, education level status, place of residence explained 515% of the variance of self-care.

Conclusions: The study showed that the extent to which individuals adhere to type II diabetes recommended management is substantially low. Improving awareness of patients and the community at large is imperative, especially on the diet, exercise, blood-glucose testing, foot care, and no smoking.

Keywords: Factors; Iran; patients; self-care behaviors; type II diabetes.