Comparative evaluation of semaphorin-4D, peptidylarginine deiminase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels of gingival crevicular fluid in periodontally healthy and Stage III periodontitis smoker and non-smoker patients before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy

Aishwarya S Ikhar; Rajashri A Kolte; Abhay P Kolte; Prachi R Rathi; Dhanashree G Ghoderao; Rahul N Dahake

doi:10.1002/JPER.23-0324

Comparative evaluation of semaphorin-4D, peptidylarginine deiminase-2, and matrix metalloproteinase-8 levels of gingival crevicular fluid in periodontally healthy and Stage III periodontitis smoker and non-smoker patients before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy

J Periodontol. 2023 Oct 17. doi: 10.1002/JPER.23-0324. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Aishwarya S Ikhar¹, Rajashri A Kolte¹, Abhay P Kolte¹, Prachi R Rathi¹, Dhanashree G Ghoderao¹, Rahul N Dahake²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Periodontology and Implant Dentistry, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
² Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, VSPM Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

PMID: 37846733
DOI: 10.1002/JPER.23-0324

Abstract

Background: This study was designed to assess the influence of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of semaphorin-4D (SEMA-4D), peptidylarginine deiminase-2 (PAD-2), and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels in periodontally healthy, Stage III periodontitis non-smoker and smoker patients.

Methods: Sixty patients were equally divided into three groups, Group I: Periodontally healthy, Group II: Non-smokers with Stage III periodontitis, and Group III: Smokers with Stage III periodontitis. The patients underwent NSPT with clinical and biochemical parameters examined at baseline and 3 months post therapy. GCF was collected for levels of SEMA-4D, PAD-2, and MMP-8 through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results: Greater values of PPD (8.06 ± 0.19 mm), CAL (8.94 ± 0.19 mm), PI (2.58 ± 0.19) while lower PBI (1.39 ± 0.19%) and GI (1.72 ± 0.19) scores were seen in Group III as compared to Group II, which reduced significantly from baseline to 3 months in both the groups after NSPT. Minimum values of SEMA-4D, PAD-2, and MMP-8 levels in GCF were seen for Group I, which increased incrementally to Group II and III. Also, among Group II and III the SEMA-4D, PAD-2, and MMP-8 levels in GCF reduced from baseline to 3 months indicating a favorable response within the tissues.

Conclusion: Greater levels in GCF of Levels of SEMA-4D, PAD-2, and MMP-8 in Group II and III, which reduced significantly post NSPT, implied that these biomarkers play a pivotal role in the inflammatory process and can be utilized for early diagnosis.

Keywords: Stage III periodontitis; gingival crevicular fluid; non-surgical periodontal therapy; peptidylarginine deiminase; periodontal disease; semaphorins; smoking.