Ethanol Ablation for Benign Insulinoma: Intraoperative and Endoscopic Approaches

J Surg Res. 2024 Jan:293:663-669. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.08.018. Epub 2023 Oct 13.

Abstract

Introduction: Ethanol ablation can be utilized to manage insulinoma. We aimed to analyze our outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) guided Ethanol ablation of insulinoma.

Methods: A single institution retrospective review of adults undergoing Ethanol ablation of benign pancreatic insulinoma (2007-2022) was performed. Outcomes were categorized as resolution of hypoglycemia, improvement, or no change at last follow-up.

Results: A total of 16 patients underwent Ethanol ablation of benign insulinoma (N = 8 EUS, N = 8 IOUS): median age was 68 y, 8 (50%) were females, and 2 (12.5%) were associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type-1. Median insulinoma size was 12 (range 7, 25) mm. Ethanol ablation was preferred over resection to avoid pancreaticoduodenectomy when it was not possible to enucleate the tumor in 10 (62.5%) patients while the rest underwent ablation due to being poor surgical candidates or because of a history of previous pancreatic resection. The median follow-up (interquartile range) was 43 (19.5, 81.5) mo. Resolution of hypoglycemia occurred in 11 patients (5 EUS, 6 IOUS), while the rest (3 EUS, 2 IOUS) experienced improvement in the severity and frequency of hypoglycemia. A single patient underwent resection following a previous ablation for symptomatic hypoglycemia 5 y after EUS guided ablation.

Conclusions: Ethanol ablation provides an alternative therapeutic option for patients with insulinoma. Both EUS and IOUS guided approaches are associated with a favorable resolution rate although EUS guided ablation may require multiple procedures to optimize outcomes.

Keywords: Ablation; Alcohol; Ethanol; Insulinoma.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Endosonography / methods
  • Ethanol / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemia* / etiology
  • Insulinoma* / complications
  • Insulinoma* / diagnostic imaging
  • Insulinoma* / surgery
  • Male
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms* / pathology
  • Pancreatic Neoplasms* / surgery
  • Ultrasonography

Substances

  • Ethanol