Evaluations of patient-specific bolus fabricated by mold-and-cast method using computer numerical control machine tools†

Abstract

The patient-specific bolus fabricated by a mold-and-cast method using a 3D printer (3DP) and silicon rubber has been adopted in clinical practices. Manufacturing a mold using 3DP, however, can cause time delays due to failures during the 3D printing process. Thereby, we investigated an alternative method of the mold fabrication using computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. Treatment plans were conducted concerning a keloid scar formed on the ear and nose. The bolus structures were determined in a treatment planning system (TPS), and the molds were fabricated using the same structure file but with 3DP and CNC independently. Boluses were then manufactured using each mold with silicone rubbers. We compared the geometrical difference between the boluses and the planned structure using computed tomography (CT) images of the boluses. In addition, dosimetric differences between the two measurements using each bolus and the differences between the measured and calculated dose from TPS were evaluated using an anthropomorphic head phantom. Geometrically, the CT images of the boluses fabricated by the 3DP mold and the CNC mold showed differences compared to the planned structure within 2.6 mm of Hausdorff distance. The relative dose difference between the measurements using either bolus was within 2.3%. In conclusion, the bolus made by the CNC mold benefits from a stable fabricating process, retaining the performance of the bolus made by the 3DP mold.

Keywords: computer numerical control tools; electron conformal radiation therapy; keloid treatment; patient-specific bolus.