The optimal time restricted eating interventions for blood pressure, weight, fat mass, glucose, and lipids: A meta-analyses and systematic review

Xiaohua Liang; Jingyu Chen; Xizou An; Yanling Ren; Qin Liu; Lan Huang; Ping Zhang; Ping Qu; Jianxin Li

doi:10.1016/j.tcm.2023.10.002

The optimal time restricted eating interventions for blood pressure, weight, fat mass, glucose, and lipids: A meta-analyses and systematic review

Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Oct 12:S1050-1738(23)00087-7. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.10.002. Online ahead of print.

Authors

Xiaohua Liang¹, Jingyu Chen², Xizou An², Yanling Ren², Qin Liu², Lan Huang², Ping Zhang², Ping Qu², Jianxin Li³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China. Electronic address: xiaohualiang@hospital.cqmu.edu.cn.
² Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, 400016, China.
³ Department of Epidemiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China.

PMID: 37838299
DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2023.10.002

Abstract

Background: No previous systematic review or meta-analysis has evaluated the effect of optimal time-restricted eating (TRE) interventions on cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors. This meta-analysis aimed to illustrate the effect of a suitable TRE on CVD risk factors.

Methods: A systematic review was performed to identify trials reporting the effects of TRE, relative to non-diet controls, on CVD risk factors in humans. A random-effects model was used to evaluate the effect sizes, and the results are expressed as the mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the influence of the study population, age, duration of intervention, and baseline mean BMI on the CVD indexes.

Results: TRE intervention significantly reduced systolic pressure (SBP) (MD: -3.45 mmHg; 95%CI:(-6.20,-0.71) mmHg; P = 0.01), body weight (MD: -1.63 Kg; 95%CI:(-2.09,-1.17) Kg; P<0.001), body mass index (BMI) (MD: -0.47 Kg/m²; 95% CI: (-0.72, -0.22) Kg/m²; P<0.001), and fat mass (MD: -0.98 Kg; 95% CI: (-1.51,-0.44) Kg; P<0.001), and reduced blood glucose levels. Based on the results of subgroup analysis, this meta-analysis identified the optimal TRE for BP (with a 6 h feeding window, last eating time point at 6-8 PM, and male participants with obesity and aged ≥ 45 years), obesity (with a 6 h feeding window, last eating time point at 6-8 PM, and female participants aged ≥ 45 years), lipids (with an 8 h feeding window, last eating time point at 6-8 PM, and male participants aged < 45 years), and glucose (with a 10-12 h feeding window, last eating time point before 6 PM, and female participants aged < 45years).

Conclusions: Relative to a non-diet control, TRE is effective for the improvement of CVD risks. Moreover, individual TRE interventions should be developed for different populations to achieve the most effective health improvement for CVD risk factors.

Keywords: Blood glucose; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Cardiovascular disease risk factors; Time restricted eating.

Publication types

Review