Causes of death among patients with testicular cancer during the survivorship

Luchen Yang; Pan Song; Xiaotian Wu; Kai Ma; Zhenghuan Liu; Jing Zhou; Qiang Dong

doi:10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107090

Causes of death among patients with testicular cancer during the survivorship

Eur J Surg Oncol. 2023 Nov;49(11):107090. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107090. Epub 2023 Sep 27.

Authors

Luchen Yang¹, Pan Song², Xiaotian Wu³, Kai Ma¹, Zhenghuan Liu¹, Jing Zhou¹, Qiang Dong⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Urology, Institution of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, China.
² Department of Urology, Institution of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, China; Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona, 6500, Switzerland.
³ The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
⁴ Department of Urology, Institution of Urology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, Sichuan Province, China. Electronic address: dongqiang@scu.edu.cn.

PMID: 37837953
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107090

Abstract

Objective: The aim was to evaluate the causes of death for patients with testicular cancer (TC), and calculate mortality risks for each cause.

Methods: Patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2017 were identified. Main causes of death including TC, second malignant tumor (SMT) and non-tumor diseases, and the standardized mortality rate (SMR) of each cause were analyzed.

Results: 27,143 patients with localized TC were included, and 1171 of them died including 215 TC deaths, 236 SMT deaths, and 720 non-tumor deaths. Main SMT deaths were cancer from lung and bronchus, colon and rectum, etc. Main non-cancer causes were diseases of heart, accidents and adverse effects and suicide and self-inflicted injury. Compared with the general population, the mortality risks from diseases of heart and accidents and adverse effects were significantly reduced. For 11,719 patients with regional and distant metastasis TC, 1733 died including 964 TC deaths, 345 SMT deaths and 424 non-tumor deaths. The main SMT and non-tumor deaths were lung and bronchus, diseases of heart and suicide and self-inflicted injury.

Conclusion: The leading causes of death besides TC were lung and bronchus cancer, colon and rectum cancer, diseases of heart, accidents and adverse effects, suicide and self-inflicted injury for TC patients. The localized TC patients were associated with similar risks of SMT deaths and lower risks of main non-tumor causes of death.

Impact: We evaluated all causes of death of TC patients and SMR for each cause of death. Our results could provide valuable information about the priority of healthcare during testicular cancer survival.

Keywords: Causes of death; SEER; SMR; Second malignant tumors; Testicular cancer.

MeSH terms

Cause of Death
Humans
Male
Suicide*
Survivorship
Testicular Neoplasms* / diagnosis

Supplementary concepts

Testicular Germ Cell Tumor