Treatment-Related Factors Affecting the Success of Endodontic Microsurgery and the Influence of GTR on Radiographic Healing-A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

Daniel Bieszczad; Jarosław Wichlinski; Tomasz Kaczmarzyk

doi:10.3390/jcm12196382

Treatment-Related Factors Affecting the Success of Endodontic Microsurgery and the Influence of GTR on Radiographic Healing-A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

J Clin Med. 2023 Oct 6;12(19):6382. doi: 10.3390/jcm12196382.

Authors

Daniel Bieszczad¹, Jarosław Wichlinski¹, Tomasz Kaczmarzyk²

Affiliations

¹ NZOZ Centrum Stomatologii s.c. Justyna Wichlinska, Jaroslaw Wichlinski, ul. 3-go Maja 16, 38-300 Gorlice, Poland.
² Chair of Oral Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, ul. Montelupich 4, 31-155 Krakow, Poland.

Abstract

The primary objective of this retrospective study was to assess the correlation between treatment-related factors (resection angle, depth of retrograde filling, length of resected root and use of guided tissue regeneration-GTR) evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans and the treatment outcomes of endodontic microsurgery (EMS). The secondary purpose of this research was to evaluate the influence of the GTR technique on the radiographic healing state, taking into account the initial parameters of periapical lesions. In 161 cases, the local factors (volume of a lesion, bone destruction pattern, presence/absence of cortical bone destruction) were measured using preoperative CBCT images before undergoing EMS. At least one year after surgery, the outcome of EMS was classified as a success or a failure (based on radiographic and clinical criteria). Using postoperative CBCT, treatment-related factors (resection angle, depth of retrograde filling, and length of resected root) were measured. Additionally, the status of radiographic healing was evaluated (in accordance with modified PENN 3D criteria). Eighteen cases (11.18%) were classified as failures, and 143 were classified as successes (88.82%). Univariate analysis showed that there was no statistically significant influence of treatment-related factors on the healing outcome of EMS. An exact Fischer's test showed the significant impact of GTR on radiographic healing (P < 0.001) in apical lesions (P < 0.001), lesions with a volume between 100 mm³ and 450 mm³ (P < 0.009) and over 450 mm³ (P < 0.001), lesions with the destruction of one plate (P < 0.001), and lesions with the destruction of two plates (through and through) (P = 0.022). The use of GTR in apical lesions, lesions with volumes over 100 mm³, and lesions with the destruction of at least one plate is significantly associated with better radiographic healing.

Keywords: PENN 3D criteria; cone-beam computed tomography; endodontic microsurgery (EMS); guided tissue regeneration (GTR); prognostic factors.

Grants and funding

This study was funded by departmental funds only. No external funding has been received.