Effects of the polyhalogenated carbazoles 3-bromocarbazole and 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole on soil microbial communities

Baihui Shi; Kaixuan Hou; Chao Cheng; Yao Bai; Changrui Liu; Zhongkun Du; Jinhua Wang; Jun Wang; Bing Li; Lusheng Zhu

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2023.117379

Effects of the polyhalogenated carbazoles 3-bromocarbazole and 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole on soil microbial communities

Environ Res. 2023 Dec 15;239(Pt 2):117379. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117379. Epub 2023 Oct 11.

Authors

Baihui Shi¹, Kaixuan Hou², Chao Cheng³, Yao Bai⁴, Changrui Liu⁵, Zhongkun Du⁶, Jinhua Wang⁷, Jun Wang⁸, Bing Li⁹, Lusheng Zhu¹⁰

Affiliations

¹ College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China. Electronic address: sbh18864830713@163.com.
² College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China; College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 256603, PR China. Electronic address: 17661212310@163.com.
³ College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China. Electronic address: ChengChao95@126.com.
⁴ College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China. Electronic address: 17861508117@163.com.
⁵ College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China. Electronic address: lcr108407@126.com.
⁶ College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China. Electronic address: dzk66@sdau.edu.cn.
⁷ College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China. Electronic address: wjh@sdau.edu.cn.
⁸ College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China. Electronic address: jwang@sdau.edu.cn.
⁹ College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China. Electronic address: libing201709@163.com.
¹⁰ College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, 61 Daizong Road, Taian, 271018, PR China. Electronic address: lushzhu@sdau.edu.cn.

PMID: 37832772
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117379

Abstract

Soil ecosystems are being more contaminated with polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs), which raising much attention about their impact on soil microorganisms. 3-Bromocarbazole (3-BCZ) and 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole (1,3,6,8-TBCZ) are two typical PHCZs with high detection rates in the soil environment. However, ecological risk research on these two PHCZs in soil is still lacking. In the present study, after 80 days of exposure, the ecological influence of 3-BCZ and 1,3,6,8-TBCZ was investigated based on 16S rDNA sequencing, ITS sequencing, gene (16S rDNA, ITS, amoA, nifH, narG and cbbL) abundance and soil enzyme activity. The results showed that the bacterial 16S rDNA gene abundance significantly decreased under 3-BCZ and 1,3,6,8-TBCZ exposure after 80 days of incubation. The fungal ITS gene abundance significantly decreased under 1,3,6,8-TBCZ (10 mg/kg) exposure. PHCZs contributed to the alteration of bacteria and fungi community abundance. Bacteria Sphingomonas, RB41 and fungus Mortierella, Cercophora were identified as the most dominant genera. The two PHCZs consistently decreased the relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Lysobacter, Dokdonella, Mortierella and Cercophora etc at 80th day. These keystone taxa are related to the degradation of organic compounds, carbon metabolism, and nitrogen metabolism and may thus have influence on soil ecological functions. Bacterial and fungal functions were estimated using functional annotation of prokaryotic taxa (FAPROTAX) and fungi functional guild (FUNGuild), respectively. The nitrogen and carbon metabolism pathway were affected by 3-BCZ and 1,3,6,8-TBCZ. The soil nitrogen-related functions of aerobic ammonia oxidation were decreased but the soil carbon-related functions of methanol oxidation, fermentation, and hydrocarbon degradation were increased at 80th day. The effects of 3-BCZ and 1,3,6,8-TBCZ on the abundances of the amoA, nifH, narG, and cbbL genes showed a negative trend. These results elucidate the ecological effects of PHCZs and extend our knowledge on the structure and function of soil microorganisms in PHCZ-contaminated ecosystems.

Keywords: 1,3,6,8-Tetrabromocarbazole; 3-Bromocarbazole; FAPROTAX; FUNGuild; Functional genes; Soil microbial community.

MeSH terms

Bacteria / genetics
Bacteria / metabolism
Carbazoles / metabolism
Carbon
DNA, Ribosomal
Microbiota*
Nitrogen
Soil Microbiology
Soil*

Substances

3-bromocarbazole
1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole
Soil
Carbazoles
Nitrogen
Carbon
DNA, Ribosomal