Emission characteristics of intermediate volatility organic compounds from a Chinese gasoline engine under varied operating conditions: Influence of fuel, velocity, torque, rotational speed, and after-treatment device

Rongzhi Tang; Song Guo; Kai Song; Ying Yu; Rui Tan; Hui Wang; Kefan Liu; Ruizhe Shen; Shiyi Chen; Limin Zeng; Zhou Zhang; Wenbin Zhang; Shijin Shuai; Min Hu

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167761

Emission characteristics of intermediate volatility organic compounds from a Chinese gasoline engine under varied operating conditions: Influence of fuel, velocity, torque, rotational speed, and after-treatment device

Sci Total Environ. 2024 Jan 1:906:167761. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167761. Epub 2023 Oct 11.

Authors

Rongzhi Tang¹, Song Guo², Kai Song³, Ying Yu³, Rui Tan³, Hui Wang³, Kefan Liu³, Ruizhe Shen³, Shiyi Chen³, Limin Zeng³, Zhou Zhang⁴, Wenbin Zhang⁴, Shijin Shuai⁴, Min Hu³

Affiliations

¹ State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China; School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China.
² State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China. Electronic address: songguo@pku.edu.cn.
³ State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Laboratory for Regional Pollution Control, Ministry of Education (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.

PMID: 37832675
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167761

Abstract

Improved measurement of new pollutants, particularly intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs), is urgently needed due to the lack of emission data under various operating conditions and potential fuel switching for gasoline engines. This study focused on examining the emission characteristics of IVOCs and the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in a commercial gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine, considering different fuels and operating conditions. The key findings are as follows: (1) The emission factor (EF) of IVOCs ranged from 2.0 to 357.8 mg kg-fuel^-1, with a median value of 87.9 mg kg-fuel^-1. (2) IVOCs emission characteristics were influenced by the fuel type and engine operating conditions. The addition of ethanol resulted in a significant decrease in IVOCs emissions, while lower velocities and torques led to higher IVOCs emissions. (3) Ethanol-blended fuel scenarios (E10, E25) and CGPF (Pd/Rh catalytically coated gasoline particle filter)-equipped scenarios exhibited high proportions of oxygen-containing compounds like aliphatic alcohols, ethers, and carboxylic acids. (4) IVOCs exhibited a high potential for the formation of SOA, underscoring the importance of controlling IVOCs in future strategies to mitigate particulate matter pollution in China. These findings highlight the significance of smooth traffic flow and advancements in fuel types, engine technologies, and after-treatment designs to effectively control IVOC emissions and contribute to the realization of a carbon-neutral society.

Keywords: Influencing factor; Intermediate volatility organic compounds; Secondary organic aerosol; Vehicle emission.