1 Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States.
2 Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States.
3 Department of Emergency Medicine, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States.
4 Department of Biomedical Informatics, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States.
5 Department of Surgery, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, United States. Electronic address: waguo@buffalo.edu.