Flow-mediated dilation as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary diseases: A narrative review

Lucia Abagnale; Claudio Candia; Andrea Motta; Brurya Galloway; Pasquale Ambrosino; Antonio Molino; Mauro Maniscalco

doi:10.1016/j.resmer.2023.101049

Flow-mediated dilation as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in pulmonary diseases: A narrative review

Respir Med Res. 2023 Nov:84:101049. doi: 10.1016/j.resmer.2023.101049. Epub 2023 Sep 16.

Authors

Lucia Abagnale¹, Claudio Candia¹, Andrea Motta², Brurya Galloway³, Pasquale Ambrosino⁴, Antonio Molino¹, Mauro Maniscalco⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.
² Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
³ Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, Telese Terme, Italy.
⁴ Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Directorate of Telese Terme Institute, Telese Terme, Italy.
⁵ Department of Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pulmonary Rehabilitation Unit of Telese Terme Institute, Telese Terme, Italy. Electronic address: mauro.maniscalco@icsmaugeri.it.

PMID: 37826872
DOI: 10.1016/j.resmer.2023.101049

Abstract

The endothelium is an active and crucial component of vessels and produces several key regulatory factors for the homeostasis of the entire organism. Endothelial function can be investigated invasively or non-invasively, both in the coronary and peripheral circulation. A widely accepted method for the assessment of endothelial function is measurement of flow-mediated dilation (FMD), which evaluates the vascular response to changes in blood flow. In this current review, we describe FMD applications in the clinical setting of different respiratory diseases: acute SARS-COV2 infection, pulmonary embolism; post-acute SARS-COV2 infection, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Obstructive Sleep Apneas Syndrome, Pulmonary Hypertension, Interstitial Lung Diseases. Emerging evidence shows that FMD might be an effective tool to assess the cardiovascular risk in patients suffering from the undermentioned respiratory diseases as well as an independent predictive factor of disease severity and/or recovery.

Keywords: Biomarkers; Disability; Endothelial function; Outcomes; Rehabilitation.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Dilatation
Dilatation, Pathologic
Humans
Hypertension, Pulmonary* / diagnosis
Hypertension, Pulmonary* / epidemiology
Hypertension, Pulmonary* / etiology
RNA, Viral
Vascular Diseases*
Vasodilation

Substances

RNA, Viral