Inflammation in smokers and non-smokers during implant surgery among Indians

Raguladhithya Ep; Sahana Selvaganesh; Thiyaneswaran Nessapan; Durairaj Sekar; Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan; Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy

doi:10.6026/97320630019510

Inflammation in smokers and non-smokers during implant surgery among Indians

Bioinformation. 2023 Apr 30;19(4):510-513. doi: 10.6026/97320630019510. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Raguladhithya Ep¹, Sahana Selvaganesh¹, Thiyaneswaran Nessapan¹, Durairaj Sekar², Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan², Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Implantology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha university, Chennai 600077, India.
² Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science (SIMATS), Saveetha university, Chennai 600077, India.
³ Department of Biomaterials, Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.

Abstract

One of the main drawbacks faced by the dental implant surgeons is to assess the healing of the tissues and implant success for patients who are smokers. It is of interest to evaluate inflammatory biomarkers to understand the soft and hard tissue healing between smokers and non-smokers based on levels of IL-6 and STAT-3. This study included totally 20 patients (Group 1 : smokers (n=10) and Group 2: non-smokers (n=10)) undergoing stage-1 implant surgery and collected a tissue sample for the patients to assess the levels of IL-6 and STAT-3. The results indicated that there is a pronounced increase in the biomarkers in patients who are smokers in comparison to non-smokers.

Keywords: Implants; Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, and STAT-3); inflammatory biomarkers; smokers and non-smokers.