Damage from Sinoxylon anale Lesne, a woodboring beetle not previously known to be established in Brazil, was observed in young jabuticaba trees (Plinia cauliflora, Myrtaceae) in a nursery in the municipality of Laranjal Paulista, state of São Paulo. We immediately advised MAPA ("Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento") and collected samples from the nursery and from different hosts in nearby areas, to identify the specimens and investigate the dynamics of the infestation in the jabuticaba trees. Sinoxylon anale was also collected in ethanol-baited and ultraviolet-light traps and in dry branches of the native species pau-jacaré (Piptadenia gonoacantha, Fabaceae) and inga (Inga vera, Fabaceae), and the exotic pau-d'água (Dracaena fragrans, Asparagaceae) in the municipality of Piracicaba, state of São Paulo. These collections established that S. anale larvae and adults develop in dead branches of four new host plants. Taxonomic studies using morphological parameters and DNA barcoding confirmed the identification of S. anale. An illustrated key to the three Sinoxylon species now recorded in Brazil is provided, and the COI gene sequences have been made available in a public database. Sinoxylon anale probably attacked the young jabuticaba trees after they were killed by larvae of long-horned beetles (Cerambycidae). So far, S. anale has been found established only in two locations in the same area of the state of São Paulo.
Keywords: Auger beetle; Invasive species; New hosts plants; Powderpost beetle; Quarantine pest; Taxonomy; Xylophagous beetle.
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