Vertical asymmetry analysis of the macular microvasculature in epiretinal membrane patients with open-angle glaucoma

Abstract

To identify the usefulness of vertical asymmetry analysis of the retinal microvasculature in epiretinal membrane (ERM) patients accompanied by open-angle glaucoma (OAG). Subjects were divided into three groups: normal controls (group 1), patients with ERM (group 2), and patients with both ERM and OAG (group 3). Retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) thicknesses, vessel density (VD), and the absolute vertical difference of pRNFL (vdRNFL), GC-IPL (vdGC-IPL), and VD (vdVD) were compared among groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors associated with OAG. Diagnostic accuracy based on the area under the curve (AUC) was conducted. The VD of the full area was 20.9 ± 1.2, 20.0 ± 1.9, and 18.8 ± 2.2 mm^-1 (P < 0.001) for groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The vdVD differed significantly between group 2 and group 3 (P < 0.001), whereas vdRNFL (P = 0.531) and vdGC-IPL (P = 0.818) did not show a significant difference. Multivariate logistic analyses showed that average pRNFL thickness (OR 0.924, P = 0.001) and vdVD (OR 5.673, P < 0.001) were significant factors associated with OAG in ERM patients. The AUC of the vdVD was 0.81 (95% CI 0.72-0.89), and the combination of average pRNFL thickness and vdVD had the highest AUC (0.87; 95% CI 0.78-0.95; P < 0.001). ERM patients with OAG had a significantly thinner pRNFL thickness, lower macular VD, and higher vdVD than those without OAG. Average pRNFL thickness and vdVD were significant factors associated with OAG in patients with ERM. Additionally, the combination of average pRNFL thickness and vdVD showed good diagnostic performance for OAG in patients with ERM.