Patients with moderate hemophilia A and B with a severe bleeding phenotype have an increased burden of disease

Abstract

Background: Patients with moderate hemophilia express varying bleeding phenotypes.

Objectives: To assess the burden of disease in patients with moderate hemophilia and a mild or severe phenotype incorporating the thrombin generation profile.

Methods: This sub-study of the 6th Hemophilia in the Netherlands study, analyzed data of adults with moderate hemophilia A or B. Patient characteristics and information on bleeding tendency, joint status, and quality of life were obtained from electronic patient files and self-reported questionnaires. A severe bleeding phenotype was defined as an annual bleeding rate ≥5, an annual joint bleeding rate ≥3, and/or the use of secondary/tertiary prophylaxis, and a mild phenotype vice versa. TG was measured with the Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay.

Results: This study included 116 patients: 21% had a severe phenotype of whom 46% used prophylaxis. Patients with a severe phenotype treated on demand reported a higher median annual bleeding rate (7), annual joint bleeding rate (3), and more frequently an impaired joint (77%) than patients with a severe phenotype on prophylaxis (2; 0; 70%) or patients with a mild phenotype (0; 0; 47%). Furthermore, patients with a severe phenotype treated on demand experienced a more decreased quality of life. Despite similar factor activity levels, patients with a severe phenotype had a lower thrombin peak height and thrombin potential (0.7%; 0.06%) than patients with a mild phenotype (21.3%; 46.8%).

Conclusion: Patients with moderate hemophilia and a severe phenotype treated on demand displayed a high burden of disease as well as a low thrombin generation profile advocating them toward more intensive prophylactic treatment.

Keywords: hemophilia A; hemophilia B; phenotype; quality of life; thrombin.