Darcy flow of convective and radiative Maxwell nanofluid over a porous disk with the influence of activation energy

Muhammad Naveed Khan; Abdul Hafeez; Showkat Ahmed Lone; Salmeh A Almutlak; Ibrahim E Elseey

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18003

Darcy flow of convective and radiative Maxwell nanofluid over a porous disk with the influence of activation energy

Heliyon. 2023 Jul 13;9(9):e18003. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18003. eCollection 2023 Sep.

Authors

Muhammad Naveed Khan¹, Abdul Hafeez², Showkat Ahmed Lone³, Salmeh A Almutlak³, Ibrahim E Elseey⁴

Affiliations

¹ School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, PO Box 28, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China.
² Department of Mathematics, University of Loralai, Loralai, Pakistan.
³ Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, 11673, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

This study reveals an incompressible steady Darcy flow of Maxwell nanofluid by a porous disk with the impact of activation energy. The liquid flow is due to a stretchable rotating disk. The heat equation also includes the impact of heat source/sink and radiation for the purpose of heat transportation. The von Karman transformations are utilized to gain the dimensionless form of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The solutions are visualised in the form of graphical results using bvp 4c method in Matlab software. The ranges of the associated physical parameters as, $0.0 \leq β \leq 0.9$ , $0.0 \leq M \leq 0.9$ , $0.0 \leq λ \leq 1.5$ , $0.1 \leq R \leq 0.9$ , $- 0.2 \leq s \leq 1.3$ , $0.3 \leq B_{i} \leq 0.6$ , $0.0 \leq γ \leq 0.15$ , $0.1 \leq N t \leq 2.0$ , $0.2 \leq N b \leq 0.8$ , $0.0 \leq R d \leq 0.3$ , $0.0 \leq σ \leq 1.5$ , and $0.0 \leq E \leq 0.9$ are provided for the graphical solutions developed for the problem. The data of Nussetl and Sherwood numbers are presented here with regard to various physical parameters. According to the numerical results, increasing the Deborah number has a trend to decrease the radial curves. Moreover, the temperature distribution is increased considerably for rising the radiation parameter and the higher rate of the rotation parameter shows a weaker concentration trend. To validate the numerical approach, an excellent comparison is established using a tabular description. To sum up, the current study effectively fills a gap in the antecedent literature.

Keywords: Activation energy; Covective boundary condition; Darcy law; Heat source/sink; Maxwell nanofluid; Thermal radiation.