Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Systemic Inflammatory Markers, Glycemic Status and Levels of Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients With Chronic Periodontitis

S Gopalakrishnan Sundaram; T Ramakrishnan; Sneha G Krishnan; Keerthi V Narayan; Siva Shankar; G Kanimozhi

doi:10.7759/cureus.44757

Effect of Non-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Systemic Inflammatory Markers, Glycemic Status and Levels of Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Patients With Chronic Periodontitis

Cureus. 2023 Sep 6;15(9):e44757. doi: 10.7759/cureus.44757. eCollection 2023 Sep.

Authors

S Gopalakrishnan Sundaram¹, T Ramakrishnan², Sneha G Krishnan³, Keerthi V Narayan⁴, Siva Shankar⁵, G Kanimozhi⁶

Affiliations

¹ Periodontology, Thai Moogambigai Dental College and Hospital, Dr MGR Educational and Research Institute, Chennai, IND.
² Periodontics, Dental Clinic, Chennai, IND.
³ Dentistry, Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND.
⁴ Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Axon Anaesthesia Associates, Hyderabad, IND.
⁵ Periodontology, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, IND.
⁶ Dentistry, Private Dental Clinic, Chennai, IND.

Abstract

Aims and objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on systemic inflammatory markers, glycemic status, and levels of proteinuria in Type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic individuals with chronic periodontitis.

Methodology: A total of 120 patients, categorized into three groups of 40 each, were included in this randomized observational study. Group 1 comprised patients with chronic periodontitis; Group 2 had chronic periodontitis with controlled diabetes; and Group 3 represented patients with chronic periodontitis with uncontrolled diabetes based on fasting blood sugar (FBS) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Periodontal clinical parameters like plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, pocket depth, and clinical attachment levels were evaluated. Blood samples and urine samples were collected and assessed for the levels of FBS, HbA1c, total protein, albumin, globulin, and proteinuria. All parameters recorded at baseline and three months after non-surgical periodontal therapy were analyzed for statistical significance at p <.05 using SPSS Inc. Released 2007. SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc.

Results: A significant reduction in the periodontal clinical parameters within the groups, except for the clinical attachment level in Group 1 patients (p = 0.05), was observed. Glycemic status revealed a significant reduction after non-surgical periodontal therapy (p < 0.001), and on intragroup comparison, the total protein, albumin, globulin, and microprotein blood and urine levels showed significance among the evaluated groups (p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Non-surgical periodontal treatment can effectively improve the periodontal and circulating inflammatory status. Results of our study showed improved glycemic control and a reduction in systemic inflammatory markers and proteinuria after performing non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Keywords: diabetes type 2; fasting blood glucose (fbg); functional urology; glycaemic parameters; glycated hemoglobin (hba1c); massive proteinuria; periodontal health status; periodontal risk factors.

Grants and funding

P30 DK111024/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States