Parenting style and child asthma control in families of school-age children with asthma: The mediating effects of children's general self-efficacy and medication adherence

Abstract

Purpose: Parenting style plays a pivotal role in children's chronic disease control. However, the relationship and underlying mechanism between parenting style and asthma control remain unclear. This study investigated the effects of parenting style on children's general self-efficacy, medication adherence and asthma control and the mediating effects of general self-efficacy and medication adherence among school-age children with asthma.

Design and methods: A cross-sectional study with a convenience sampling approach was conducted. This study followed the STROBE guidelines. School-age children with asthma and their parents (N = 211) from pediatric respiratory clinics in China completed the General Questionnaire, Short-Egna Minnen av. Barndoms Uppfostran-Chinese, General Self-Efficacy Scale, Medication Adherence Questionnaire and Childhood Asthma Control Test. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the mediation models.

Results: Positive parenting style was positively correlated with child general self-efficacy, medication adherence and asthma control (r = 0.602, 0.572, 0.613, p < 0.001). Negative parenting style was negatively correlated with child general self-efficacy, medication adherence and asthma control (r = -0.535, -0.598, -0.586, p < 0.001). Structure Equation Modle (SEM) results indicated that the relationships between positive parenting style, negative parenting style and child asthma control were mediated by general self-efficacy (Effect Size [ES]: 0.209, 95%CI [0.075, 0.372]; and ES: -0.229, 95%CI [-0.387, -0.103], respectively) and medication adherence (ES: 0.128, 95%CI [0.032, 0.322]; and ES: -0.190, 95%CI [-0.432, -0.071], respectively) and together in serial (ES: 0.177, 95%CI [0.076, 0.295]; and ES: -0.118, 95%CI [-0.235, -0.020], respectively).

Conclusions: Parenting style may impact child asthma through both child general self-efficacy and medication adherence. The study may provide useful intervention targets for improving asthma control.

Practice implications: Nurses should encourage parents to increase positive parenting style while decreasing negative parenting style. Family interventions focusing on general self-efficacy and medication adherence may be advantageous to improve asthma control.

Keywords: Asthma; Child; Medication adherence; Parenting; Self-efficacy.