Objective: To investigate the poisonous substances and geographical distribution of poisoning in children in China. Methods: A cross-sectional study. The clinical data of 8 385 hospitalized children from January 2016 to December 2020 were extracted from the FUTang Updating Medical Records database. These children aged 0 to 18 years and were admitted due to poisoning. They were grouped according to age (newborns and infants, toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, adolescents), place of residence (Northeast China, North China, Central China, East China, South China, Southwest China, Northwest China), and mode of discharge (discharge under medical advice, transfer to another hospital under medical advice, discharge without medical advice, death, other). The poisonous substance and causes of poisoning in different groups were analyzed. Results: Among these 8 385 children, 4 734 (56.5%) were male and 3 651 (43.5%) female, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.3∶1. The age was 3 (2, 7) years. The prevalence of poisoning was 51.8% (4 343/8 385) in toddlers, 16.5% (1 380/8 385) in adolescents, 14.8% (1 242/8 385) in preschoolers, 14.4% (1 206/8 385) in school-age children, and 2.5% (214/8 385) in newborns and infants. Drug poisoning accounted for 43.5% (3 649/8 385) and pesticide accounted for 26.8% (2 249/8 385). Drug poisoning was more common in adolescents (684/1 380, 49.6%) and toddlers (2 041/4 343, 47.0%); non-drug poisoning was more common in school-age children (891/1 206, 73.9%), of which carbon monoxide was mainly in newborns and infants (41/214, 19.2%) and food poisoning in children of school age (241/1 206, 20.0%). Regarding regional characteristics, drug poisoning was more frequent in South China (188/246, 64.2%) and non-drug poisoning was more frequent in Southwest China (815/1 123, 72.5%). For drugs, anti-epileptic drugs, sedative-hypnotic drugs and anti-Parkinson's disease drugs had a higher proportion of poisoning in North China (138/1 034, 13.0%) than that in other regions. For non-drug poisoning, pesticides (375/1 123, 33.3%), food poisoning (209/1 123, 18.6%) and contact with poisonous animals (86/1 123, 7.7%) were more common in Southwest China than in other regions; carbon monoxide poisoning was more common in North China (81/1 034, 7.6%) and Northwest China (65/1 064, 6.3%). In Central China, poisoning happened more in toddlers (792/1 295, 61.2%) and less in adolescents (115/1 295, 8.8%) than in other regions. Regarding different age groups, poisoning in adolescent happened more in Northeast China (121/457, 26.5%), North China (240/1 034, 23.2%), and Northwest China (245/1 064, 23.0%). The rate of discharge under medical advice, discharge without medical advice, and mortality rate within the 5 years were 77.0% (6 458/8 385), 20.8% (1 743/8 385), 0.5% (40/8 385), respectively. Conclusions: Poisoning is more common in male and toddlers. Poisonous substances show a regional characteristic and vary in different age groups, with drugs and insecticides as the most common substances.
目的： 调查中国儿童中毒的毒物种类及地域分布特征。 方法： 横断面研究。收集福棠病案首页数据库录入的病案首页数据，纳入中国25家儿童医院2016年1月至2020年12月因中毒住院的8 385例0~18岁患儿。根据年龄（新生儿和婴儿、幼儿、学龄前儿童、学龄期儿童、青少年）、居住地（东北、华北、华中、华东、华南、西南、西北）、离院方式（医嘱离院、医嘱转院、非医嘱离院、死亡、其他）等进行分组，分析患儿毒物种类分布占比。 结果： 8 385例患儿中男4 734例（56.5%）、女3 651例（43.5%），年龄3（2，7）岁。不同年龄组中毒比例依次为幼儿51.8%（4 343/8 385）、青少年16.5%（1 380/8 385）、学龄前儿童14.8%（1 242/8 385）、学龄期儿童14.4%（1 206/8 385）、新生儿及婴儿2.5%（214/8 385）。毒物中药物占43.5%（3 649/8 385），杀虫剂占26.8%（2 249/8 385）。药物中毒在青少年（684/1 380，49.6%）及幼儿（2 041/4 343，47.0%）中比例较高，非药物中毒在学龄期儿童（891/1 206，73.9%）中比例最高。一氧化碳中毒在新生儿及婴儿（41/214，19.2%）中比例最高，食物中毒在学龄期患儿（241/1 206，20.0%）中比例最高。药物中毒在华南（188/246，64.2%）地区比例最高，非药物中毒在西南（815/1 123，72.5%）地区比例最高。药物中毒中，抗癫痫药、镇静催眠药和抗帕金森病药在华北（138/1 034，13.0%）地区中毒比例最高；非药物毒物中，杀虫剂（375/1 123，33.3%）、食物（209/1 123，18.6%）与有毒动物接触（86/1 123，7.7%）在西南地区所致中毒比例最高，一氧化碳中毒在华北（81/1 034，7.6%）和西北（65/1 064，6.3%）地区中毒比例较高。华中地区幼儿中毒（792/1 295，61.2%）高于其他地区，而青少年中毒（115/1 295，8.8%）低于其他地区。东北（121/457，26.5%）、华北（240/1 034，23.2%）和西北（245/1 064，23.0%）地区青少年中毒较高。5年内中毒患儿的总体医嘱离院率、非医嘱离院率、病死率分别为77.0%（6 458/8 385）、20.8%（1 743/8 385）、0.5%（40/8 385）。 结论： 儿童中毒高发人群为男性、幼儿，常见的毒物为药物、杀虫剂，在不同年龄、地区儿童中毒的毒物种类有差异。.