Miniature side-view dual axes confocal endomicroscope for repetitive in vivo imaging

Ahmad Shirazi; Tayebeh Sahraeibelverdi; Miki Lee; Haijun Li; Joonyoung Yu; Sangeeta Jaiswal; Kenn R Oldham; Thomas D Wang

doi:10.1364/BOE.494210

Miniature side-view dual axes confocal endomicroscope for repetitive in vivo imaging

Biomed Opt Express. 2023 Jul 26;14(8):4277-4295. doi: 10.1364/BOE.494210. eCollection 2023 Aug 1.

Authors

Ahmad Shirazi¹, Tayebeh Sahraeibelverdi², Miki Lee³, Haijun Li³, Joonyoung Yu², Sangeeta Jaiswal³, Kenn R Oldham², Thomas D Wang^{2

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Affiliations

¹ Division of Integrative Systems and Design, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
² Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
³ Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Abstract

A side-view dual axes confocal endomicroscope is demonstrated that can be inserted repetitively in hollow organs of genetically engineered mice for in vivo real-time imaging in horizontal and vertical planes. Near infrared (NIR) excitation at λ_ex = 785 nm was used. A monolithic 3-axis parametric resonance scan mirror was fabricated using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology to perform post-objective scanning in the distal end of a 4.19 mm diameter instrument. Torsional and serpentine springs were designed to "switch" the mode of imaging between vertical and horizontal planes by tuning the actuation frequency. This system demonstrated real-time in-vivo images in horizontal and vertical planes with 310 µm depth and 1.75 and 7.5 µm lateral and axial resolution. Individual cells and discrete mucosal structures could be identified.

Abstract

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