Gut microbiota controls the development of chronic pancreatitis: A critical role of short-chain fatty acids-producing Gram-positive bacteria

Li-Long Pan; Zheng-Nan Ren; Jun Yang; Bin-Bin Li; Yi-Wen Huang; Dong-Xiao Song; Xuan Li; Jia-Jia Xu; Madhav Bhatia; Duo-Wu Zou; Chun-Hua Zhou; Jia Sun

doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.002

Gut microbiota controls the development of chronic pancreatitis: A critical role of short-chain fatty acids-producing Gram-positive bacteria

Acta Pharm Sin B. 2023 Oct;13(10):4202-4216. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.08.002. Epub 2023 Aug 7.

Authors

Li-Long Pan¹, Zheng-Nan Ren^{2

3}, Jun Yang⁴, Bin-Bin Li^{2

3}, Yi-Wen Huang^{2

3}, Dong-Xiao Song^{2

3}, Xuan Li^{2

3}, Jia-Jia Xu⁵, Madhav Bhatia⁶, Duo-Wu Zou⁷, Chun-Hua Zhou⁷, Jia Sun^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
² School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
⁴ Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
⁵ Department of General Medicine, Beicai Community Health Service Center of Pudong New District, Shanghai 214001, China.
⁶ Department of Pathology, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
⁷ Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.

Abstract

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a progressive and irreversible fibroinflammatory disorder, accompanied by pancreatic exocrine insufficiency and dysregulated gut microbiota. Recently, accumulating evidence has supported a correlation between gut dysbiosis and CP development. However, whether gut microbiota dysbiosis contributes to CP pathogenesis remains unclear. Herein, an experimental CP was induced by repeated high-dose caerulein injections. The broad-spectrum antibiotics (ABX) and ABX targeting Gram-positive (G⁺) or Gram-negative bacteria (G^-) were applied to explore the specific roles of these bacteria. Gut dysbiosis was observed in both mice and in CP patients, which was accompanied by a sharply reduced abundance for short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producers, especially G⁺ bacteria. Broad-spectrum ABX exacerbated the severity of CP, as evidenced by aggravated pancreatic fibrosis and gut dysbiosis, especially the depletion of SCFAs-producing G⁺ bacteria. Additionally, depletion of SCFAs-producing G⁺ bacteria rather than G^- bacteria intensified CP progression independent of TLR4, which was attenuated by supplementation with exogenous SCFAs. Finally, SCFAs modulated pancreatic fibrosis through inhibition of macrophage infiltration and M2 phenotype switching. The study supports a critical role for SCFAs-producing G⁺ bacteria in CP. Therefore, modulation of dietary-derived SCFAs or G⁺ SCFAs-producing bacteria may be considered a novel interventive approach for the management of CP.

Keywords: Antibiotic exposure; Chronic pancreatitis; Gut microbiota; Macrophage responses; Pancreatic fibrogenesis; Roseburia intestinalis; Short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria; Toll-like receptor 4.