A Scoping Review of the Health Benefits of Nature-Based Physical Activity

Richard W Christiana; Gina M Besenyi; Jeanette Gustat; Teresa H Horton; Teresa L Penbrooke; Courtney L Schultz

A Scoping Review of the Health Benefits of Nature-Based Physical Activity

J Healthy Eat Act Living. 2021 Sep 1;1(3):154-172. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Richard W Christiana^{1

2}, Gina M Besenyi^{2

3}, Jeanette Gustat^{2

4}, Teresa H Horton^{2

5}, Teresa L Penbrooke^{2

6}, Courtney L Schultz^{2

7}

Affiliations

¹ Appalachian State University, Beaver College of Health Sciences, United States.
² Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Physical Activity Policy Research and Evaluation Network, Parks and Green Space Work Group, Atlanta, GA, United States.
³ Kansas State University, College of Health and Human Sciences, United States.
⁴ Tulane University, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, United States.
⁵ Northwestern University, Department of Anthropology, United States.
⁶ GP RED, Healthy Communities Research Group, Louisville, CO, United States.
⁷ Health & Technology Partners, LLC, Milwaukee, WI, United States.

PMID: 37799195
PMCID: PMC10550037

Abstract

The health benefits of physical activity and spending time in nature are well established. However, youths and adults in the United States are not participating in sufficient levels of physical activity and are not spending much time outdoors. Recently, the need for equitable access to nature for all populations has been receiving more public health attention, though a specific focus on nature-based physical activity has been limited. The purpose of this scoping review is to operationalize the health benefits of nature-based physical activity in order to provide guidance for collaborations to program administrators, advocates, and researchers. Peer-reviewed literature is found in PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar as well as in published reviews of the literature. The literature is divided into three categories of: 1) amount and location of nature-based components and physical activity; 2) added health benefits of exposure to nature-based components and physical activity; and 3) nature-based components and physical activity effect on non-white, marginalized, and vulnerable populations. This review supports and encourages multiple strategies to increase nature-based physical activity as this provides even greater benefit to health and wellness than exposure to nature or physical activity alone. Although many of the physical and mental health benefits of nature and physical activity are well established, additional research is needed to better understand the relationship between exposure to nature and nature-based physical activity, which will require greater investment and support from funding agencies.

Keywords: green exercise; mental health; nature-based components; nature-based initiatives; nature-based physical activity; outdoor physical activity.