Prolonged shedding of viable SARS-CoV-2 in immunocompromised patients with haematological malignancies: A prospective study

Br J Haematol. 2024 Mar;204(3):815-820. doi: 10.1111/bjh.19143. Epub 2023 Oct 5.

Abstract

Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised individuals has been scattered, but the details remain unclear. We conducted a prospective study with 26 COVID-19 patients with haematological malignancies to determine viral shedding kinetics and characteristics. We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from the patients 21-28 days post-onset for a PCR test and performed virus isolation from the PCR-positive samples. A viable virus was detected in five patients (19.2%), all of whom had malignant lymphoma. Those patients had significantly lower CD4+ T-cell counts than the PCR-negative patients. A comparison of previous chemotherapy showed that anti-CD20 antibodies and bendamustine may be risk factors for prolonged viral shedding.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; haematological malignancies; immunocompromised patients; prolonged infection.

MeSH terms

  • COVID-19*
  • Hematologic Neoplasms*
  • Humans
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • SARS-CoV-2