Motion-compensated T1 mapping in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: a technical review

Calder D Sheagren; Tianle Cao; Jaykumar H Patel; Zihao Chen; Hsu-Lei Lee; Nan Wang; Anthony G Christodoulou; Graham A Wright

doi:10.3389/fcvm.2023.1160183

Motion-compensated T₁ mapping in cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: a technical review

Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Sep 8:10:1160183. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1160183. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Calder D Sheagren^{1

2}, Tianle Cao^{3

4}, Jaykumar H Patel^{1

2}, Zihao Chen^{3

4}, Hsu-Lei Lee³, Nan Wang⁵, Anthony G Christodoulou^{3

4}, Graham A Wright^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
² Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
³ Biomedical Imaging Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
⁴ Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
⁵ Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.

Abstract

$T_{1}$ mapping is becoming a staple magnetic resonance imaging method for diagnosing myocardial diseases such as ischemic cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, and more. Clinically, most $T_{1}$ mapping sequences acquire a single slice at a single cardiac phase across a 10 to 15-heartbeat breath-hold, with one to three slices acquired in total. This leaves opportunities for improving patient comfort and information density by acquiring data across multiple cardiac phases in free-running acquisitions and across multiple respiratory phases in free-breathing acquisitions. Scanning in the presence of cardiac and respiratory motion requires more complex motion characterization and compensation. Most clinical mapping sequences use 2D single-slice acquisitions; however newer techniques allow for motion-compensated reconstructions in three dimensions and beyond. To further address confounding factors and improve measurement accuracy, $T_{1}$ maps can be acquired jointly with other quantitative parameters such as $T_{2}$ , $T_{2}^{*}$ , fat fraction, and more. These multiparametric acquisitions allow for constrained reconstruction approaches that isolate contributions to $T_{1}$ from other motion and relaxation mechanisms. In this review, we examine the state of the literature in motion-corrected and motion-resolved $T_{1}$ mapping, with potential future directions for further technical development and clinical translation.

Keywords: T1 mapping; cardiovascular MRI; motion-corrected MRI; motion-resolved MRI; multiparametric MRI.

Publication types

Review

Abstract

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