Nonlinear relationship between dietary calcium and magnesium intake and peripheral neuropathy in the general population of the United States

Zhe Wu; Xuesong Yang; Zhishen Ruan; Lianlian Li; Jianlin Wu; Bin Wang

doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1217465

Nonlinear relationship between dietary calcium and magnesium intake and peripheral neuropathy in the general population of the United States

Front Nutr. 2023 Sep 18:10:1217465. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1217465. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Zhe Wu¹, Xuesong Yang², Zhishen Ruan¹, Lianlian Li¹, Jianlin Wu³, Bin Wang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ The First Clinical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
² Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
³ The Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.

Abstract

Background: Calcium and magnesium are essential minerals that have significant roles in nerve function and regulation. There may be a correlation between dietary calcium and magnesium intake and peripheral neuropathy. However, this relationship remains unclear and requires further study.

Methods: Data from 7,726 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2004 were analyzed in this study. The relationship between total dietary calcium and magnesium intake, as well as each quantile, and peripheral neuropathy was analyzed using a multifactor logistic regression model. To illustrate the dose-response relationship between calcium and magnesium intake and peripheral neuropathy, we utilized a restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot.

Results: Our analysis found a positive correlation between dietary intake of calcium and magnesium and peripheral neuropathy (calcium: OR 1.000, 95% CI 1.000-1.000; magnesium: OR 1.001, 95% CI 1.00-1.002). Participants in the first and third quantiles of dietary calcium intake had a significantly higher incidence of peripheral neuropathy than those in the second quantile (OR 1.333, 95% CI 1.034-1.719, OR 1.497, 95% CI 1.155-1.941). Those in the first and third quantiles of dietary magnesium intake also had a significantly higher incidence of peripheral neuropathy than those in the second quantile (OR 1.275, 95% CI 1.064-1.528, OR 1.525, 95% CI 1.231-1.890). The restricted cubic spline analysis revealed a U-shaped nonlinear relationship between dietary intake of calcium and magnesium and peripheral neuropathy.

Conclusion: The study found a U-shaped non-linear relationship between dietary calcium and magnesium intake levels and peripheral neuropathy, indicating that both excessive and insufficient intake of calcium and magnesium can increase the incidence of peripheral neuropathy.

Keywords: calcium; magnesium; nonlinear relationship; peripheral neuropathy; restricted cubic spline.