The evolution of professional identity in intensive care nurses during COVID-19 - An interpretive phenomenological study

Abstract

Objectives: This study explored the meaning behind professional identity in intensive care nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19.

Research methodology/design: The exploration was conducted using a qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach with guidance from hermeneutics.

Setting: Semi-structured audiovisual interviews were conducted with intensive care unit nurses (n = 20) throughout the United States of America, spanning nurse experiences of caring for patients with COVID-19 between 2019 and 2022.

Outcome measure: Outcome measures were codes and themes which emerged from data using Benner's interpretive phenomenology method for nursing and Heidegger's hermeneutic circle.

Findings: Four critical findings of this study were the themes a) Keep Them Alive, b) We Are Survivors, c) I Am An Intensive Care Unit Nurse, and d) I Was Meant For This.

Conclusion: Findings suggest that professional identity is evolving for nurses as they care for patients in the intensive care and that evolution affects nursing professionals' quality of life.

Implications for clinical practice: The findings of this study have important implications for nursing practice. These themes highlight intensive care nurses' deep commitment and strong professional identity, which can positively impact nurse retention and foster a sense of purpose and fulfillment. Understanding the meaning attached to nurses' experiences can allow nurse leaders and mentors to enhance their roles and aid in the preparation of future intensive care nurses, helping future nurses find focus and satisfaction in their professional identities. Recognizing and nurturing nurses' strong professional identity may positively impact nurse retention and fulfillment. To achieve this, nurse leaders must comprehend and support nurses' experiences, cultivating an environment that empowers these caregivers to thrive and make a lasting impact on patient care.

Keywords: COVID-19; Intensive Care Units; Intensive care nursing; Interpretive phenomenology; Job satisfaction; Nurse leader; Nurse resilience; Nurse retention; Professional identity; Professional quality of life.