Social support for overcoming fear of contagion at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional study in Latin America

Irene Carrillo; Rodrigo Poblete; Piedad Serpa; Jimmy Martin-Delgado; Alejandro Giménez; José Joaquín Mira

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1215693

Social support for overcoming fear of contagion at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cross-sectional study in Latin America

Front Psychol. 2023 Sep 14:14:1215693. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1215693. eCollection 2023.

Authors

Irene Carrillo¹, Rodrigo Poblete², Piedad Serpa³, Jimmy Martin-Delgado^{4

5}, Alejandro Giménez⁶, José Joaquín Mira^{1

6

7}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain.
² Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Dirección de Calidad y Gestión Clínica Red de Salud UC CHRISTUS, Santiago, Chile.
³ Department of Clinical Management and Patient Safety, School of Medicine, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
⁴ Hospital Luis Vernaza, Junta de Beneficencia de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
⁵ Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud Integral, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Católica de Santiago de Guayaquil, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
⁶ ATENEA Research Group, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO), Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain.
⁷ Hospital Provincial-Pla Health District, Health Department of Alicante-Sant Joan, Alicante, Spain.

Abstract

Background: The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare professionals has been widely studied, along with different strategies to minimize it. However, professionals' assessment of the social support received and the factors that mitigated their fear of contagion have not been described. This study aimed to assess healthcare professionals' satisfaction with the social support and information received and their efforts to self-isolate to avoid infecting loved ones in Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey, conducted from July to September 2020 in three Latin American countries, elicited healthcare professionals' satisfaction with social support from colleagues, their community, the media, and scientific societies; as well as the information received about the evolution of the pandemic and measures to avoid contagion. The EASE scale was used to measure acute stress.

Results: Survey responses were received from 700 professionals. The response rate per country exceeded the estimated sample size except in the case of Colombia, which was 81.4%. In general, peer support was highly valued, though satisfaction was lower in high-risk units (p < 0.001). Those who directly assisted COVID-19 patients perceived the least community support (p = 0.023). Professionals from high-risk units (p = 0.013) and those who experienced greater acute stress (p = 0.05) assigned the lowest rating to the information offered by the centre on the pandemic. Men perceived more support from colleagues and better information from the centre than women (p < 0.05). Just 10.7% of professionals changed their residence during the pandemic, but those who worked in high-risk areas self-isolated more frequently (p = 0.026).

Conclusion: In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals in Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador greatly valued the support received from their peers. Being infected with COVID-19, working in high-risk areas, experiencing higher self-reported acute stress, and having an infected co-worker were predictors for self-isolation to protect their relatives. These results point to the appropriateness of putting in place institutional resources based on peer support and specific communication strategies and action protocols to build resilience and responsiveness to future health crises.

Keywords: COVID-19; acute stress; community support; healthcare professionals; social support.