3D spatial interpolation of soil heavy metals by combining kriging with depth function trend model

Yong Yang; Mengyao Jia

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132571

3D spatial interpolation of soil heavy metals by combining kriging with depth function trend model

J Hazard Mater. 2024 Jan 5:461:132571. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132571. Epub 2023 Sep 21.

Authors

Yong Yang¹, Mengyao Jia²

Affiliations

¹ College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, China. Electronic address: yangyong@mail.hzau.edu.cn.
² College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, China; Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture, China.

PMID: 37778308
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132571

Abstract

In this study, a hybrid method combining 3D kriging and depth function considering heterogeneity (3DK_DF) was proposed to enhance the accuracy and reliability of 3D spatial interpolation for soil heavy metals. Soil samples collected at varied depth intervals in a mining city in China were used as a case dataset. First, the parameters of a logarithmic depth function model for every horizontal soil sample site were fitted on the basis of the observed values of soil Cd collected at varied depth intervals. Second, the 3D trend of soil Cd was obtained on the basis of the spatial distributions of the parameters of the logarithmic depth function model. Third, 3D kriging was used to generate the 3D spatial distribution of residual Cd. Finally, the 3D spatial distribution of the soil Cd was obtained by combining the 3D trend and residual results. The interpolation accuracy of 3DK_DF improved by 29.71% and 48.9% compared with those of the 3D kriging without a trend analysis and the 3D kriging with a polynomial trend model, respectively. The proposed hybrid 3D interpolation method could be of great significance for the comprehensive assessment of soil heavy metal pollution.

Keywords: Cadmium; Depth function; Geostatistics; Soil; Three-dimensional.