The fast spread of COVID-19, which was caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has posed a major challenge to public health systems around the world. Morbidity and mortality are higher in the elderly than in the young, due to a loss in immune function and more comorbidities. In this case, we describe a 106-year-old female patient, the oldest COVID-19 patient since 2019, who had not previously received the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Her clinical symptoms included cough and sputum production. Images of her chest CT showed double lung pneumonia, and laboratory tests revealed elevated serum KL-6 levels. She was mostly on oral medication during her hospitalization and recovered well. With the case, we discuss the risk factors and biomarkers correlated to COVID-19 severity. Following the COVID outbreak, it's vital to explore the possible risk factors that can help with disease risk stratification, identifying high-risk individuals, developing precise treatment regimens, and lowering mortality rates.